https://auf.isa-arbor.com/content/29/2/104/tab-figures-data
Does Included Bark Reduce the Strength of Codominant Stems? | Arboriculture & Urban Forestry
the strength
https://www.bartlett.com/blog/codominant-stems-and-reducing-tree-failures/
Codominant stems and reducing tree failures - Tree Topics
Nov 25, 2025 - Codominant stems occur when two or more stems grow upward from a single point. This creates a v-shape that indicates a structural issue.
stemsreducingtreefailurestopics