https://philosophyalevel.com/posts/horizontal-vs-vertical-cosmological-arguments/
Horizontal vs. Vertical Cosmological Arguments - Philosophy A Level
Nov 10, 2025 - Explains the difference between horizontal cosmological arguments for God (e.g. Kalam argument) vs. vertical versions (e.g. Aquinas 2nd way).
cosmological argumentshorizontalverticalphilosophylevel