Robuta

The CLEVELAND COMPOSERS' GUILD, one of the oldest continuously operating composers' groups in the U.S., evolved from the activities of the Manuscript ...

Illustration of the capitivity of Mary Rowlandson. Published in Our greater country: being a standard history of the United States, 1901 CE. Henry Davenport...

The Roman-built temple of Apollo in the Asclepeion sanctuary of Kos, 2nd century CE.

The Kingdom of Kanem (aka Kanim) was an ancient African state located in modern-day Chad, which flourished from the 9th to 14th century CE. With its...

A statue of the Egyptian god Sobek, classically depicted with a crocodile head. Limestone. From the Temple of Amenemhet in Hawara, Egypt. Middle Kingdom,...

Alabaster statuette (height: 46 cm), depicting a bearded bald-headed man, most likely a priest/man of a high rank. He clasps his hands in a prayer attitude....

SPANGENBERG, CRAIG (18 Feb. 1914-17 March 1998), nationally known as a premier trial lawyer, founded and served as the first president of the Internat...

The PHILOSOPHICAL CLUB OF CLEVELAND is an exclusive organization whose members convene biweekly for dinner and the reading and discussion of papers on...

Torrent Encyclopaedia Britannica

More free lessons at: http://www.khanacademy.org/video?v=XXl5h257iBA Battle of the Lapiths and Centaurs, Parthenon Metopes, south flank, marble, c. 440 B.C.E...

The CUYAHOGA BUILDING was one of 3 office buildings in Cleveland (the others being the Society for Savings Bldg. and the WESTERN RESERVE BLDG.) design...

Who invented the dental chair? What is the history of the dental office? This section explores the evolution of the dental chair and office.

The CLEVELAND ROLLING MILL STRIKES occurred during the summer of 1882 and 1885 and involved skilled workers who were largely of British origin, as wel...

The BROTHERHOOD OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERS, founded as the Brotherhood of the Footboard by Michigan Central Railroad engineers in 1863, is the oldest lab...

Pirates in the so-called Golden Age of Piracy (1690-1740) used all manner of weapons to attack ships and relieve them of their precious cargoes. Heavy...

The star is located near the New Gate on the northern part of the walls of Jerusalem.

The FLORENCE CRITTENTON SERVICES OF GREATER CLEVELAND, chartered by the Ohio legislature in 1911 as the Florence Crittenton Home for Unwed Mothers of ...

The ruins of the Mausoleum of Augustus, Rome. Completed in 28 BCE, it was the largest tomb ever constructed in the Roman world.

BUCK, REV. FLORENCE (19 July 1860 -12 Oct. 1925) served with MARION E.,

There are multiple pages about 'Step Pyramid of Djoser' on our website. Here's a list.

The STAGE DOOR CANTEEN provided American servicemen stationed or passing through Cleveland during WORLD WAR II with refreshment, entertainment, and hospitality...

The BREWSTER & STROUD FINE FURNITURE COMPANY in Chagrin Falls, Ohio, was founded as a joint furniture and undertaking business in 1870 by A.J. Cole. In 1887,...

Richard II of England reigned as king from 1377 to 1399 CE. The son of the late Edward the Black Prince (1330-1376 CE), Richard would succeed his grandfather...

The CLEVELAND FOLK ARTS ASSN. was formed in 1950 by the 24 nationality groups that organized the first annual Cleveland Folk Arts Festival on 28 Jan. ...

HORVATH, IAN (ERNIE) (3 June 1943-5 Jan. 1990), a dancer and choreographer of national repute, was a co-founder of CLEVELAND BALLET. Born in LAKEWOOD,...

The CLEVELAND BIG DATA MEETUP was founded in 2010 by Doug Meil. Doug was the founding engineer at EXPLORYS in 2009. As Explorys heavily leveraged big ...

FOREST HILL PARK, located west of Lee Rd. and south of Euclid Ave. on Cleveland's east side, was originally part of the estate of JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER ...

PUCKETT, NEWBELL NILES (8 July 1898-21 Feb. 1967), educator, sociologist, and folklorist, was born in Columbus, Miss., to Willis Newbell and Matilda (...

This basalt wall relief depicts four people playing on musical instruments. From Sam'al (modern-day Sinjerli, Gaziantep, Turkey). Late Hittite period, 8th...

The Council of the Indies (El Real y Supremo Consejo de las Indias) operated from 1524 to 1834 and was the supreme governing body of the Spanish Empire in...

QUINCY SAVINGS & LOAN. See CLEVELAND COMMUNITY SAVINGS CO. ,

EDUCATIONAL TRUST was founded in Cleveland in 1952 by the RELIANCE ELECTRIC CO.,

IRISH NATIONALISM IN CLEVELAND. Support for the cause of Irish nationhood has flourished in Cleveland, Ohio, for as long as IRISH immigrants have settled in...

CLEVELAND TWIST DRILL. See ACME-CLEVELAND. ,

ANTIOCH BAPTIST CHURCH was established by the Reverend Alexander Moore in January 1893 as Cleveland's second Baptist church for AFRICAN AMERICANS.,

The War of the Third Coalition (1805-1806) was a major European conflict during the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). It was fought by an alliance of nations that...

WARRENSVILLE TWP. See HIGHLAND HILLS VILLAGE. ,

A marble head of a centaur, 1st century CE. Found in Rome near Piazza Vittorio Emmanuele. (Capitoline Museums, Rome)

A statue of the Anglo-American philosopher Thomas Paine (1737-1809). Located in Paine's hometown of Thetford in Norfolk, England.

A 15th century CE manuscript illustration showing the capture of David II of Scotland (r. 1329-1371 CE) at the battle of Neville's Cross by English forces....

SOUTH BROADWAY is a southeast Cleveland neighborhood and Statistical Planning Area (SPA). An exceptionally irregular shape, it extends nearly to I-490 on the...

SOLDIERS' & SAILORS' RELIEF COMMISSION. See CUYAHOGA COUNTY SOLDIERS' RELIEF COMMISSION. ,

FOLSOM'S MERCANTILE COLLEGE was the first college founded in Cleveland. R. C. Bacon opened the college on W. 3rd St. in 1848, and Ezekiel G. Folsom, w...

The Battle of Dunbar was a battle of the Third English Civil War. The English Parliamentarian forces under Oliver Cromwell defeated a Scottish army commanded...

The 84TH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY REGIMENT, organized at Camp Chase in Columbus, OH, in May and June 1862, contained 2 companies from Cleveland during its 3...

The HISTORICAL RECORDS SURVEY in Cleveland began operation in 1936 as a WPA relief project for white-collar workers. The program operated through the ...

WHITE, ROLLIN HENRY (11 July 1872-10 Sept. 1962), a founder of WHITE MOTOR CORP. and Cleveland Tractor Co., was born in Cleveland to Almira Greenleaf ...

The CHESHIRE CHEESE CLUB OF CLEVELAND, 3443 Euclid Ave., an invitational club of men, meets weekly to hear guest speakers, review books, and discuss "...

NEGRO BUSINESS ALLIANCE. See CLEVELAND BUSINESS LEAGUE. ,

RAINEY, SHERLIE HEREFORD (3 Feb. 1939-7 Aug. 1992), mayor of WOODMERE (1985-89), was the first African-American woman to hold a mayoral position in Cu...

The CLEVELAND HOMEOPATHIC HOSPITAL (May 1856-1917), founded by Dr. Seth R. Beckwith, was the first privately owned hospital in Cleveland. Beckwith too...

English medieval knights wore metal armour of iron or steel to protect themselves from archers and the long swords of opponents. From the 9th century CE,...

Representation of the Germanic god Ullr (Ull), a figure in Norse mythology, with a bow and skis. From an 18th Century Icelandic manuscript. Collection of the...

LANGUAGE BANK. See INTERNATIONAL SERVICES CENTER. ,

STEWART, N. COE (1838-28 Feb. 1921), conductor, composer, and instructor, as director of music in the CLEVELAND PUBLIC SCHOOLS, was responsible for im...

POLITICS. For most of its history, Cleveland has been governed much like other American cities. A mayor elected at large and a council chosen by wards...

There are Akkadian cuneiform inscriptions as well as explanatory diagram and rules for playing the so-called the game of 20-squares (the Royal Game of...

Aaron Levy (1742-1815) was a Jewish immigrant who arrived in America from the Netherlands and donated land for a church and school in the Centre County village...

A map highlighting the areas of settlement of various pre-Columbian civilizations in the northern areas of South America such as the Muisca, Tairona, and...

The Arch of Janus in the forum Boarium of Rome, constructed in the 4th century CE. The four-way marble arch probably acted as a boundary marker and, perhaps...

BUHRER, STEPHEN (25 Dec. 1825-8 Dec. 1907), Democratic mayor of Cleveland from 1867-71 and 4-term city councilman (1855-57, 1863-67, 1874-76), was bor...

Map depicting (to the best of the author's imagination following the accounts) the possible exploration journeys of three of the earliest Vikings to come to...

SANITATION. Progress in Cleveland sanitation followed the classical patterns of those cities in the U.S. that experienced rapid industrial and urban g...

The Classical Orders of Architecture (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Tuscan, and Composite), originating in ancient Greece and refined by the Romans, are...

CHILDREN AND YOUTH. Attitudes toward children and youth in Cleveland and the Western Reserve have varied over time, affected by local factors and nati...

Map showing the indigenous population groups of Chile.

CROGHAN, GEORGE (1720-31 Aug. 1782) was a frontiersman, trader, and Indian agent who was born in Ireland and came to Pennsylvania in 1741. He served a...

The COLLEGE CLUB OF CLEVELAND, located at 2348 Overlook Road in CLEVELAND HEIGHTS, was founded in 1898 as a social, civic, educational, and philanthro...

The SCHUBERT STRING QUARTET was an early Cleveland chamber music group, part of a growing late-19th-century interest in forms other than choral music....

The ELISABETH SEVERANCE PRENTISS FOUNDATION was founded in Jan. 1939 in Cleveland by ELISABETH SEVERANCE ALLEN PRENTISS, Luther L. Miller, and Kate W....

The EXAMINER was a weekly Republican tabloid devoted to the principle of a protective tariff. Begun around 1885, it was taken over in 1892 by Thomas J...

The CLEVELAND SUNDAY TIMES served as the name for 3 different publications in the 1870s. First came the Cleveland Sunday Times of 17 Sept. 1871, the f...

HARVEY, KATE BENEDICT HANNA (26 Dec. 1871-15 May 1936), a philanthropist and member of one of Cleveland's most distinguished families, took a special interest...

TERMINAL TOWER. See CLEVELAND UNION TERMINAL and TOWER CITY CENTER. ,

OHIO SAVINGS BANK (inc. 1889), is one of Cleveland's oldest savings and loans. In its first 9 years of existence, Ohio Savings operated as the Ohio Sa...

UNITED CHURCH OF CHRIST. See CONGREGATIONALISTS. ,

Christmas carols are a much-loved part of the Christmas season and while many have a long history, others are surprisingly recent. From medieval dancing...

The CLEVELAND WOMAN'S CLUB provided Cleveland women with a place to hold meetings, entertain guests, and attend lectures and musical entertainments fo...

CLEVELAND MUNICIPAL STADIUM, constructed on reclaimed land on the city's lakefront, was completed in 1931; at that time it boasted the largest individ...

Silver tetradrachm of the Aetolian League, depicting Alexander the Great with the horn of the Egyptian god Amun. 29 mm (1.14 in), 17.1 g (0.60 oz), 323-281...

HOTELS. For nearly 200 years, the inns and hotels of Cleveland, from the oldest roadside taverns to early mercantile hotels, and from the modern conve...

The Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius is an ancient Roman statue in gilded bronze. The statue was erected in 175 CE. Its original location is debated: the...

BLEE, ROBERT E. (31 Jan. 1839-26 Feb. 1898), a railroad superintendent, was mayor of Cleveland from 1893-95. Born in Glenville, Ohio, to Bridget and H...

Ur-Nammu (c. 2112-c. 2094) was the founder of the Third Dynasty of Ur in Sumer who initiated the so-called Ur III Period (c. 2112-c.2004 BCE) also known as...

CORLETT, SELENE (13 Oct. 1864-8 Feb.1943) was a milliner and dressmaker who organized a training school which prepared 260 women to work in hospitals,...

Map of the Pontic Kingdom before the reign of Mithridates VI (darkest purple), after his conquests (purple), and his conquests in the first Mithridatic wars...

This wall relief depicts the Assyrian king Sennacherib after the fall of Lachish (Lakhisha), the second largest city in Judah Kingdom. The king sits on a...

A meeting of a club of patriotic women in a church during the French Revolution (1789-1799). Alongside the more famous political clubs of the era (i.e. the...

MARSHALL, JOHN D. (14 Mar. 1885-17 May 1961), city councilman for 12 years and, as president of council, mayor of Cleveland under the CITY MANAGER PLA...

The WESTERN RESERVE CHILD WELFARE COUNCIL (1911-17) represented the first organizational effort to regulate services for CHILDREN AND YOUTH in Clevela...

The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a transformative uprising that shook British rule in South Asia. Sparked in May 1857 by mutinous sepoys ((from Persian...

The north facade of the Library of Hadrian, Athens. c. 132-134 CE

The CUYAHOGA COUNTY MAYORS AND CITY MANAGERS ASSN. acts as a clearing house for discussion, study, and action on issues of municipal governance affect...