Robuta

https://carnegieendowment.org/projects/baltic-sea-region-security-initiative Baltic Sea Region Security Initiative | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace The Baltic Sea Region is a key pillar in Europe’s emerging security architecture. The potential for cooperation and innovation is substantial. This project... baltic sea regioninitiative carnegie endowmentinternational peacesecurity https://carnegieendowment.org/programs/democracy-conflict-and-governance/carnegie-democracy-program-newsletter Carnegie Democracy Program Newsletter | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace The latest in analysis and developments from Carnegie's Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program. carnegie democracyprogram newsletterinternational peaceendowment https://carnegieendowment.org/posts/2020/04/resources-for-the-future-of-arms-control Resources for the Future of Arms Control | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace A guide to canonical sources on the history and aims of arms control, with a focus on verification and monitoring as well as contemporary challenges. endowment international peacearms controlresourcesfuturecarnegie https://carnegieendowment.org/middle-east/people/zaha-hassan Zaha Hassan | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Zaha Hassan is a human rights lawyer and a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. carnegie endowmentinternational peacezahahassan https://carnegieendowment.org/people/anna-ohanyan Anna Ohanyan | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Anna Ohanyan is a nonresident senior scholar in the Carnegie Russia and Eurasia Program. carnegie endowmentinternational peaceanna https://carnegieendowment.org/emissary/2025/08/dfc-development-bank-congress-reauthorization-reform America’s Development Bank Needs to Bet Big | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Instead of allowing the DFC’s authorization to lapse, Congress could make the bank more nimble than before. development bankbet bigcarnegie endowmentinternational peaceneeds https://carnegieendowment.org/programs/europe/collections/european-defense European Defense | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace With growing geopolitical challenges, particularly from Russia, and changes in the transatlantic relationship, the framework for European defense is ever... defense carnegie endowmentinternational peaceeuropean https://carnegieendowment.org/europe/people/rym-momtaz Rym Momtaz | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Rym Momtaz is the editor in chief of Carnegie Europe’s blog Strategic Europe. A multiple Emmy award-winning journalist-turned-analyst, she specializes in... carnegie endowmentinternational peacerym https://carnegieendowment.org/middle-east/regions/iran Iran | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace iran carnegie endowmentinternational peace https://carnegieendowment.org/europe/events Carnegie Europe Events | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace carnegie europeinternational peaceeventsendowment https://carnegieendowment.org/projects/information-environment-project Information Environment Project | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Carnegie’s Information Environment Project is a multistakeholder effort to help policymakers understand the information environment, think through the impact... information environmentcarnegie endowmentinternational peaceproject https://carnegieendowment.org/people/david-mcnair David McNair | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace David McNair is a nonresident scholar in the Global Order and Institutions Program and the executive director at ONE.org. carnegie endowmentinternational peacedavidmcnair https://carnegieendowment.org/people/andrew-s-weiss Andrew S. Weiss | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Andrew S. Weiss is the James Family Chair and vice president for studies at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, where he oversees research on... carnegie endowmentinternational peaceandrewweiss https://carnegieendowment.org/europe/regions/caucasus Caucasus | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace caucasus carnegie endowmentinternational peace https://carnegieendowment.org/topics/trade Trade | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace carnegie endowmentinternational peacetrade https://carnegieendowment.org/middle-east/collections/syria-in-a-new-era Syria in a New Era | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace After 54 years of Assad family rule, Syria has entered a new chapter in its history with the downfall of Bashar al-Assad’s regime. Nearly fourteen years after... new eracarnegie endowmentinternational peacesyria https://carnegieendowment.org/people/tong-zhao Tong Zhao | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Tong Zhao is a senior fellow with the Nuclear Policy Program and Carnegie China, Carnegie’s East Asia-based research center on contemporary China. Formerly... carnegie endowmentinternational peacetongzhao https://carnegieendowment.org/junior-fellows-program-participating-universities Junior Fellows Program: Participating Universities | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace junior fellows programparticipating universitiescarnegie endowmentinternational peace https://carnegieendowment.org/people/arthur-nelson Arthur Nelson | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Arthur Nelson is co-director of Carnegie’s Technology and International Affairs Program. carnegie endowmentinternational peacearthurnelson https://carnegieendowment.org/topics/foreign-policy Foreign Policy | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace foreign policy carnegieinternational peaceendowment https://carnegieendowment.org/programs/global-order-and-institutions Carnegie Global Order and Institutions Program | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Carnegie’s Global Order and Institutions Program identifies promising new multilateral initiatives and frameworks to realize a more peaceful, prosperous, just,... global orderinstitutions programinternational peacecarnegieendowment https://carnegieendowment.org/middle-east/diwan/2026/04/lake-qaraoun-and-migratory-pressures Lake Qaraoun and Migratory Pressures | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Lebanon’s largest water reservoir is a house of many mansions when it comes to converging failures. carnegie endowmentinternational peacelakemigratorypressures https://carnegieendowment.org/regions/kenya Kenya | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace carnegie endowmentinternational peacekenya https://carnegieendowment.org/podcasts/barbecue-earth Barbecue Earth | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Barbecue Earth is a six-part narrative podcast about meat. But it’s not about the best way to grill a delicious steak. It’s about meat as a commodity, a... carnegie endowmentinternational peacebarbecueearth https://carnegieendowment.org/europe/topics/foreign-policy Foreign Policy | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Carnegie Endowment for International Peace foreign policy carnegieinternational peaceendowment https://carnegieendowment.org/regions/southeast-asia Southeast Asia | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace asia carnegie endowmentinternational peacesoutheast https://carnegieendowment.org/programs/asia/collections/innovative-japan-global-japan Innovative Japan, Global Japan | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Japan is more innovative than commonly understood, and more global than often given credit for. Too often the narrative for Japan is that it lacks the... japan globalcarnegie endowmentinternational peaceinnovative https://carnegieendowment.org/middle-east/regions/india India | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace carnegie endowmentinternational peaceindia https://carnegieendowment.org/europe/events/2025/12/can-europe-ever-trust-the-united-states-again Can Europe Ever Trust the United States Again? | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace ever trustunited statescarnegie endowmentinternational peaceeurope https://carnegieendowment.org/europe/strategic-europe/2026/02/to-survive-the-eu-must-split To Survive, the EU Must Split | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Leaning into a multispeed Europe that includes the UK is the way Europeans don’t get relegated to suffering what they must, while the mighty United States and... eu mustcarnegie endowmentinternational peacesurvivesplit https://carnegieendowment.org/middle-east/people/armenak-tokmajyan Armenak Tokmajyan | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Armenak Tokmajyan is a nonresident scholar at the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center in Beirut. His research focuses on borders and conflict, Syrian... carnegie endowmentinternational peace https://carnegieendowment.org/people/marie-yovanovitch Marie Yovanovitch | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Marie Yovanovitch is a senior fellow in the Russia and Eurasia Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. carnegie endowmentinternational peacemarieyovanovitch https://carnegieendowment.org/middle-east/diwan/2025/09/lebanons-sunnis-20 Lebanon’s Sunnis 2.0 | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Former foes in the community are realigning, many rallying around Saudi Arabian sponsorship. 2 0carnegie endowmentinternational peace https://carnegieendowment.org/russia-eurasia/topics/civil-society Civil Society | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace civil societycarnegie endowmentinternational peace https://carnegieendowment.org/regions/central-america-and-the-caribbean Central America and the Caribbean | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace central americacarnegie endowmentinternational peacecaribbean https://carnegieendowment.org/middle-east/regions/levant Levant | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace carnegie endowmentinternational peacelevant https://carnegieendowment.org/europe/topics/technology Technology | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace technology carnegie endowmentinternational peace https://carnegieendowment.org/regions/east-asia East Asia | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace asia carnegie endowmentinternational peaceeast https://carnegieendowment.org/middle-east/topics/foreign-policy Foreign Policy | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace foreign policy carnegieinternational peaceendowment https://carnegieendowment.org/programs/nuclear-policy/collections/future-of-arms-control Future of Arms Control | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Bilateral arms control between the United States and Russia now rests entirely on New START, which will expire in 2026 if not sooner. What steps could build on... arms controlcarnegie endowmentinternational peacefuture https://carnegieendowment.org/projects/political-economy-program Political Economy Program | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace The Political Economy Program will analyze the different crises afflicting the region, examine the politics of austerity and inequality, and review the... political economy programcarnegie endowmentinternational peace https://carnegieendowment.org/people/frances-z-brown Frances Z. Brown | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Dr. Frances Z. Brown is a vice president for studies at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Brown served on the White House National Security... z browncarnegie endowmentinternational peacefrances https://carnegieendowment.org/middle-east/diwan/2026/03/a-war-whose-political-dynamics-are-hard-to-control The Greatest Dangers May Lie Ahead | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace In an interview, Nicole Grajewski discusses the military dimension of the U.S. and Israeli attacks on Iran. may liecarnegie endowmentinternational peacegreatestdangers https://carnegieendowment.org/europe Carnegie Europe | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Carnegie Europe delivers interdisciplinary expertise and independent insights that bring together national, regional, and global perspectives and help European... carnegie europe endowmentinternational peace https://carnegieendowment.org/programs/sustainability-climate-and-geopolitics/collections/foreign-policy-for-clean-energy Clean Energy Transition | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace The rise of clean energy has achieved unstoppable momentum. And yet much about the clean energy transition remains uncertain, from how and when global fossil... clean energy transitioncarnegie endowmentinternational peace https://carnegieendowment.org/projects/x-border-local-research-network X-Border Local Research Network | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace In Asia, the Middle East, and Africa, conflict and instability endure in contested border regions where local tensions connect with regional and global... research network carnegiex borderinternational peacelocalendowment https://www.sipri.org/yearbook/2025/12 12. Artificial intelligence and international peace and security | SIPRI Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are poised to bring enormous benefits but they could also create, or exacerbate existing, threats to international... artificial intelligenceinternational peacesecurity sipri12 https://carnegieendowment.org/emissary/2026/04/iran-ceasefire-hormuz-oil-crisis “It’s Not Like Turning a Switch On and Off” | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Why the Iran ceasefire isn’t a quick fix to the Strait of Hormuz energy crisis. like turningcarnegie endowmentinternational peaceswitch https://carnegieendowment.org/posts/2020/09/view-from-libya?lang=en View From Libya | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Putin has dispatched mercenaries to Libya’s civil war, exploiting the protracted conflict to carve out a new sphere of influence in North Africa. libya carnegie endowmentinternational peaceview https://carnegieendowment.org/middle-east/people/rosa-balfour Rosa Balfour | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Rosa Balfour is the director of Carnegie Europe. Her fields of expertise include European politics, institutions, and foreign and security policy. carnegie endowmentinternational peacerosabalfour https://carnegieendowment.org/russia-eurasia/people/sergey-vakulenko Sergey Vakulenko | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Sergey Vakulenko is a senior fellow at the Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center. carnegie endowmentinternational peacesergey https://carnegieendowment.org/middle-east?lang=en Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace The Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center draws on regional experts to provide in-depth analysis of political, socioeconomic, and security issues in the... malcolm h kerrcarnegie middle eastcenter endowmentinternational peace https://carnegieendowment.org/people/tyler-beckelman Tyler Beckelman | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Tyler Beckelman is a nonresident scholar with the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace’s Africa Program. His work focuses on commercial diplomacy and... carnegie endowmentinternational peacetyler https://carnegieendowment.org/regions/ukraine Ukraine | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace ukraine carnegie endowmentinternational peace https://carnegieendowment.org/europe/regions/ukraine Ukraine | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace ukraine carnegie endowmentinternational peace https://carnegieendowment.org/europe/research/2026/03/resetting-cyber-relations-with-the-united-states Resetting Cyber Relations with the United States | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace For years, the United States anchored global cyber diplomacy. As Washington rethinks its leadership role, the launch of the UN’s Cyber Global Mechanism may... united states carnegieinternational peaceresettingcyberrelations https://carnegieendowment.org/programs/africa/collections/climate-change Climate Change | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace The momentum for global climate action is accelerating. Despite having contributed only a fraction of total emissions, African countries stand to be... climate change carnegieinternational peaceendowment https://carnegieendowment.org/sada Sada | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Sada is an online journal rooted in Carnegie’s Middle East Program that seeks to foster and enrich debate about key political, economic, and social issues in... carnegie endowmentinternational peacesada https://carnegieendowment.org/people/nicole-grajewski Nicole Grajewski | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Nicole Grajewski is a nonresident scholar in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. nicole grajewskicarnegie endowmentinternational peace https://carnegieendowment.org/projects/civic-research-network Civic Research Network | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Carnegie’s Civic Research Network is a global group of leading experts and activists dedicated to examining the changing patterns of civic activism around the... research network carnegieinternational peacecivicendowment https://carnegieendowment.org/privacy-policy Privacy Policy | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace policy carnegie endowmentinternational peaceprivacy https://carnegieendowment.org/europe/strategic-europe/2026/04/the-fog-of-ai-war The Fog of AI War | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace In Ukraine, Gaza, and Iran, AI warfare has come to dominate, with barely any oversight or accountability. Europe must lead the charge on the responsible use of... war carnegie endowmentinternational peacefogai https://carnegieendowment.org/middle-east/diwan/2025/12/has-sisi-found-a-competent-military-entrepreneur Has Sisi Found a Competent Military Entrepreneur? | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Mustaqbal Misr has expanded its portfolio with remarkable speed, but a lack of transparency remains. carnegie endowmentinternational peacesisifoundcompetent https://carnegieendowment.org/people/milan-vaishnav Milan Vaishnav | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Milan Vaishnav is a senior fellow and director of the South Asia Program and the host of the Grand Tamasha podcast at the Carnegie Endowment for International... carnegie endowmentinternational peacemilanvaishnav https://carnegieendowment.org/programs/asia/collections/southeast-asias-diverse-futures Southeast Asia’s Diverse Futures | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace We offer a textured understanding of Southeast Asian domestic and regional dynamics, avoiding analysis that treats the region as a proxy for the competition of... carnegie endowmentinternational peacesoutheastdiversefutures https://carnegieendowment.org/europe/regions/israel Israel | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace israel carnegie endowmentinternational peace https://carnegieendowment.org/europe/research/2026/02/european-democracy-support-annual-review-2025 European Democracy Support Annual Review 2025 | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace European democracy support strategy in 2025 prioritized protecting democratic norms within Europe. This signals the start of a structural recalibration of the... annual review 2025european democracycarnegie endowmentinternational peacesupport https://carnegieendowment.org/projects/baltic-sea-region-security-initiative?lang=en Baltic Sea Region Security Initiative | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace The Baltic Sea Region is a key pillar in Europe’s emerging security architecture. The potential for cooperation and innovation is substantial. This project... baltic sea regioninitiative carnegie endowmentinternational peacesecurity https://carnegieendowment.org/people/rohan-mukherjee Rohan Mukherjee | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Rohan Mukherjee is assistant professor of International Relations at the London School of Economics and Political Science and deputy director of LSE IDEAS, the... carnegie endowmentinternational peacerohanmukherjee https://carnegieendowment.org/topics/global-governance Global Governance | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace global governance carnegieinternational peaceendowment https://carnegieendowment.org/middle-east/topics/global-governance Global Governance | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace global governance carnegieinternational peaceendowment https://carnegieendowment.org/about Who We Are | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace carnegie endowmentinternational peace https://carnegieendowment.org/people/pavlo-klimkin Pavlo Klimkin | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Pavlo Klimkin is a nonresident senior fellow in the Russia and Eurasia Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. He formerly served as the... carnegie endowmentinternational peacepavlo https://carnegieendowment.org/regions/united-arab-emirates United Arab Emirates | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace united arab emiratescarnegie endowmentinternational peace https://carnegieendowment.org/people/afreen-akhter Afreen Akhter | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Afreen Akhter was a visiting scholar with the American Statecraft Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Her work focuses on economic... carnegie endowmentinternational peaceafreenakhter https://kroc.nd.edu/news-events/ News & Events // Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies // University of Notre Dame Kroc Institute News and Events international peace studiesnews eventskroc institutenotre dameuniversity https://carnegieendowment.org/posts/2026/04/europe-doesnt-like-warfor-good-reasons Europe Doesn’t Like War—for Good Reasons | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace The wars in Ukraine and the Middle East are existential threats to Europe as a peace project. Leaders and citizens alike must reaffirm their solidarity to face... good reasonscarnegie endowmentinternational peaceeuropelike https://carnegieendowment.org/collections/the-geopolitics-of-subsea-data-cables The Geopolitics of Subsea Data Cables | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace The vulnerabilities of subsea data cables have attracted sustained popular and policy attention. Around the world, policymakers are searching for best... data cablescarnegie endowmentinternational peacegeopoliticssubsea https://ipb.org/environment-and-climate-change/ Environment and Climate Change – IPB – International Peace Bureau ipb international peaceclimate changeenvironmentbureau https://carnegieendowment.org/middle-east/diwan/2026/04/lebanon-needs-another-negotiating-strategy-with-israel Lebanon Needs a New Negotiating Strategy with Israel | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Unless Beirut lowers expectations, any setbacks will end up bolstering Hezbollah’s narrative. israel carnegie endowmentinternational peacelebanonneedsnew https://carnegieendowment.org/people/hiroshi-motomura Hiroshi Motomura | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Hiroshi Motomura is a nonresident scholar with Carnegie California. carnegie endowmentinternational peacehiroshimotomura https://carnegieendowment.org/middle-east/diwan/2026/03/what-is-israels-plan-in-lebanon What Is Israel’s Plan in Lebanon? | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace At heart, to impose unconditional surrender on Hezbollah and uproot the party among its coreligionists. lebanon carnegie endowmentinternational peaceplan https://carnegieendowment.org/development Support Carnegie | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace generates strategic ideas and independent analysis, supports diplomacy, and trains the next generation of... carnegie endowmentinternational peacesupport https://carnegieendowment.org/middle-east/topics/political-reform Political Reform | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace political reformcarnegie endowmentinternational peace https://carnegieendowment.org/videos/2026/01/chinas-economic-challenges China’s Economic Challenges | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Lt. General Hooper explains China’s serious economic challenges, including a slowing economy, a fragile real estate sector, underemployment, and an aging... economic challengescarnegie endowmentinternational peace https://carnegieendowment.org/people/aaron-david-miller Aaron David Miller | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Aaron David Miller is a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, focusing on U.S. foreign policy. aaron davidcarnegie endowmentinternational peacemiller https://carnegieendowment.org/emissary/2026/04/gulf-states-gcc-iran-war-three-scenarios Three Scenarios for the Gulf States After the Iran War | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace One is hopeful. One is realistic. One is cautionary. war carnegie endowmentthree scenariosgulf statesinternational peaceiran https://aiforgood.itu.int/event/replay-addressing-ai-risks-to-international-peace-and-security-at-source-responsible-ai-education/ (Replay) Addressing AI risks to international peace and security at source: Responsible AI... addressing aiinternational peacereplayriskssecurity https://carnegieendowment.org/people/kayly-ober Kayly Ober | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Kayly Ober is a visiting scholar with the Sustainability, Climate, and Geopolitics Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. carnegie endowmentinternational peacekaylyober https://carnegieendowment.org/programs/nuclear-policy/collections/renovating-the-nuclear-order Renovating the Nuclear Order | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace The system of treaties, agreements, and institutions underpinning the nonproliferation regime is increasingly stressed by burgeoning arms races and growing... order carnegie endowmentinternational peacerenovatingnuclear https://carnegieendowment.org/people/christopher-t-hanson Christopher T. Hanson | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Christopher Hanson is a nonresident scholar in the Carnegie Nuclear Policy Program. carnegie endowmentinternational peacechristopherhanson https://carnegieendowment.org/people/darshana-m-baruah Darshana M. Baruah | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Darshana M. Baruah was a nonresident scholar with the South Asia Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace where she directs the Indian Ocean... carnegie endowmentinternational peacedarshanabaruah https://carnegieendowment.org/middle-east/diwan/2025/07/consultants-on-death A Humanitarian Fiasco Foretold | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Several consulting and equity firms and non-profits were in on the Gaza aid plan, but they never should have been. carnegie endowmentinternational peacehumanitarianfiascoforetold https://carnegieendowment.org/middle-east/people/richard-youngs Richard Youngs | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Richard Youngs is a senior fellow in the Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program, based at Carnegie Europe. He works on EU foreign policy and on issues of... carnegie endowmentinternational peacerichardyoungs https://peacegarden.com/september-2023-newsletter/ September 2023 Newsletter - International Peace Garden Sep 5, 2023 - 9/11 Memorial Service – September 11, 11:00 am The International Peace Garden will hold a 9/11 Memorial Event on Monday, September 11 at 11 am. The event is... september 2023newsletter internationalpeace garden https://carnegieendowment.org/programs/nuclear-policy/proliferation-news Proliferation News | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Proliferation News is a biweekly newsletter highlighting the latest analysis and trends in the nuclear policy community. news carnegieinternational peaceproliferationendowment https://carnegieendowment.org/people/cecilia-hyunjung-mo Cecilia Hyunjung Mo | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Dr. Cecilia Hyunjung Mo is a nonresident scholar at Carnegie California and is the Judith E. Gruber associate professor of political science and public policy... carnegie endowmentinternational peacececiliamo https://carnegieendowment.org/topics/domestic-politics Domestic Politics | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace politics carnegie endowmentinternational peacedomestic https://carnegieendowment.org/middle-east/events/2025/10/rising-tensions-in-lebanon-prospects-and-scenarios Rising Tensions in Lebanon: Prospects and Scenarios | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace rising tensionscarnegie endowmentinternational peacelebanonprospects https://carnegieendowment.org/middle-east/people/tong-zhao Tong Zhao | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Tong Zhao is a senior fellow with the Nuclear Policy Program and Carnegie China, Carnegie’s East Asia-based research center on contemporary China. Formerly... carnegie endowmentinternational peacetongzhao