https://scholarlyworks.corewellhealth.org/anesthesiology_confabstract/403/
"Mitral Paravalvular Leak Closure Via Left Anterolateral Thoracotomy" by Farah Aboufakhr and Jose...
An 81-year-old female with a history of rheumatic heart disease and prior mitral and aortic valve replacements presented with fatigue and exertional dyspnea....
paravalvular leak closuremitralvialeftanterolateral