https://friarminor.blogspot.com/2012/12/phase-change-idea.html?showComment=1355913641302
a minor friar blog: Phase Change Idea
After nearly seven months in Italy, I have to confess that I'm still not used to the differences in the horarium of Capuchin life here. 6:30...
a minorphase changefriarblogidea
https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/phase-change-materials-in-betonvloeren-deel-i/
Phase change materials in betonvloeren - deel I - University of Twente Research Information
phase change materialsuniversity of twente
https://themessthatgreenspanmade.blogspot.com/2009/03/phase-change-in-public-mood.html
The Mess That Greenspan Made: A "phase change" in public mood
It has long been my considered opinion that, in the end, there is only one economic report that really matters - unemployment. Realistically...
the messphase changein publicgreenspanmade
https://meetings-archive.aps.org/mar/2012/j23/11/
Ab Initio Study of Phase-Change Materials Doped with magnetic Impurities - Instrumentation of...
Chalcogenide Phase-change materials are of great technological importance due to their ability to undergo reversible and fast transitions between the amorphous
phase change materialsab initio
https://repository.arizona.edu/handle/10150/669570
Nonequilibrium Phenomena in Multiphase Flow, Transport, and Phase Change in Porous Media:...
multiphase flowphenomena
https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101092096/results/pl
Phase Change Materials for Energy Efficient Edge Computing | PHASTRAC | Projekt | Wyniki | HORIZON...
Deliverables, publications, datasets, software, exploitable results
phase change materialsfor energy
https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/408079/
Grayscale photolithography with phase change material photomasks - ePrints Soton
phase change materialgrayscalephotolithographyphotomaskseprints
https://repository.gatech.edu/entities/publication/c08fb3b6-f3e9-4ef5-a3b3-866a7f1170cf
Nonlinear mechanics of phase-change-induced accretion-ablation
A geometric accretion-ablation theory is formulated in this thesis to study the mechanics of deformable bodies subjected to simultaneous addition and removal...
phase changenonlinearmechanicsinducedaccretion
https://impact.ornl.gov/en/publications/enhanced-algorithm-efficiency-for-phase-change-convection-using-a/
Enhanced algorithm efficiency for phase change convection using a multigrid preconditioner with a...
phase change
https://pure.psu.edu/en/publications/phase-change-materials-in-multifunctional-reconfigurable-metasurf/
Phase-change Materials in Multifunctional Reconfigurable Metasurfaces - Penn State
phase change materialsmultifunctionalmetasurfacespennstate
https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/publications/concomitant-polymorphism-and-a-temperature-dependent-phase-change/
Concomitant polymorphism and a temperature-dependent phase change in...
and aphase changepolymorphismtemperaturedependent
https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.00866
[2502.00866] Modeling Filamentary Conduction in Reset Phase Change Memory Devices
Abstract page for arXiv paper 2502.00866: Modeling Filamentary Conduction in Reset Phase Change Memory Devices
phase change memorymodelingconduction
https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/310339/pl
SYnthesis and functionality of chalcogenide NAnostructures for PhaSE change memories | SYNAPSE |...
The SYNAPSE project initially aimed at the metalorganic chemical vapor phase deposition (MOCVD) and study of chalcogenide single material, (core) and double...
phase changesynthesisfunctionality
https://publishing.aip.org/publications/journals/special-topics/jva/phase-change-materials-fundamentals-innovations-and-applications/
Phase Change Materials: Fundamentals, Innovations, and Applications - AIP Publishing LLC
phase change materialsaip publishingfundamentalsinnovationsapplications
https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/covert-thermal-barcodes-based-phase-change-nanoparticles
Covert thermal barcodes based on phase change nanoparticles
Since there is an unmet need to develop covert barcodes that can be used to track-trace objects and authenticate documents. This article describes a new...
based onphase changecovertthermalbarcodes
https://www.ccs.upm.es/research/publications/the-thermocapillary-effects-in-phase-change-materials-in-microgravity-experiment-design-preparation-and-execution-of-a-parabolic-flight-experiment/
The Thermocapillary Effects in Phase Change Materials in Microgravity experiment: Design,...
phase change materialseffectsmicrogravityexperimentdesign
https://edrawmind.wondershare.com/chemistry/what-is-phase-change-concept-map.html
3 Phase Change Concept Map Templates [What is & Types]
Understand physical conversions of chemical substances using phase change concept map examples. Make presentations, think critically, and take notes.
concept map templatesphase changewhat istypes
https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v154y2015icp678-685.html
High thermal conductivity phase change composite with percolating carbon fiber network
Downloadable (with restrictions)! Latent heat storage (LHS) using phase change materials (PCM) is a promising technology for the effective use of solar and...
high thermalphase changecarbon fiberconductivity
https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101065152/results
Electrical tomography for phase change monitoring | ET4PCM | Project | Results | HORIZON | CORDIS |...
Deliverables, publications, datasets, software, exploitable results
phase changeproject resultselectricaltomography
https://www.semanticscholar.org/topic/Phase-change-Dual/2727796
Phase-change Dual | Semantic Scholar
Phase-Change Dual (PD) is a rewritable optical disc format introduced by Panasonic in 1995. Much like CD-RW, PD uses a phase change layer that can be...
phase changedualsemanticscholar
https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/G5ST-CT-2002-50331
Development of smart microencapsulated organic-phase-change-materials for enhancing heat storage...
phase change materials
https://www.ornl.gov/technology/202305371
Periodic Encapsulation of Phase Change Material Fibers | ORNL
phase change materialperiodicencapsulationfibersornl
https://unit.mdm.imm.cnr.it/publications/compact-model-phase-change-memory-cells
Compact model for phase change memory cells | Agrate UNIT
phase change memorycompactmodelcellsagrate
https://pcmgel.com/
Phase Change Material - Innovative China Leading PCM Company
phase change materialinnovativechinaleadingpcm
https://www.southampton.ac.uk/research/projects/epi0108901-phase-change-materials-gill-reid
EP/I010890/1 - Phase Change Materials - Gill Reid | University of Southampton
EP/I010890/1 - Phase Change Materials - Gill Reid.
phase change materialsuniversity ofep
https://www.livescience.com/34154-big-bang-water-freezing.html
Big Bang Was Actually a Phase Change, New Theory Says | Live Science
Aug 21, 2012 - Physicists say the Big Bang was a phase change, like water freezing into ice, rather than an explosion. The theory could have big implications.
big bangphase change
https://researchdiscovery.drexel.edu/esploro/outputs/doctoral/Ultrasound-nano-scale-phase-change-contrast-agent/991021229715104721
Ultrasound nano-scale phase change contrast agent for hepatocellular carcinoma radiosensitization -...
The purpose of this study was to develop and characterize nano-scale phase change droplets less than 200 nm from commercially available ultrasound contrast...
phase changehepatocellular carcinomaultrasoundnanoscale
https://experts.arizona.edu/en/publications/edge-detection-in-phase-change-optical-data-storage-2/
Edge detection in phase-change optical data storage - University of Arizona
edge detectionin phasedata storageuniversity ofchange
https://publications-cnrc.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=65a255ff-f467-4881-8001-3cb360979677
Photoinduced multistable resonance frequency switching of phase change microstring at room...
Photoinduced multistable resonance frequency switching of phase change microstring at room temperature
resonance frequencyphase changeswitching
https://patents.google.com/patent/CN203734198U/en
CN203734198U - Internal phase change structure of GIS equipment - Google Patents
The utility model belongs to the field of power transmission and distribution, and specifically discloses an internal phase change structure of GIS equipment....
phase changegis equipmentinternalstructuregoogle
https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/activities/the-european-phase-change-and-ovonic-symposium-epcos-2023/
The European Phase-Change and Ovonic Symposium (E\PCOS) 2023 - CityUHK Scholars
the europeanphase change
https://www.flow.kth.se/event/numerical-study-of-interface-dynamics-and-phase-change-1.1209390?date=2022-11-25&orgdate=2022-06-30&length=1&orglength=185
Numerical study of interface dynamics and phase change | KTH
phase changenumericalstudyinterfacedynamics
https://www.phasechange.ai/
Phase Change Software | Deterministic AI for Enterprise COBOL
Transform your legacy COBOL systems into navigable knowledge. COBOL Colleague uses deterministic AI and knowledge graph technology to decode, document, and...
ai for enterprisephase changesoftwaredeterministiccobol
https://3blue1brown.substack.com/p/simulating-phase-change/comments
Comments - Simulating Phase Change - by Grant Sanderson
Guest video by Vilas Winstein
phase changecommentssimulatinggrantsanderson
https://www.tomshardware.com/news/THERMALTAKE-WORKING-AFFORDABLE-COMPACT-PHASE-CHANGE-COOLING,5030.html
Thermaltake Working On Affordable Compact Phase-change Cooling | Tom's Hardware
Mar 14, 2008 - Hacienda Heights (CA) - During a recent visit to Thermaltake's office, we learned that the company is working on creating a compact phase-change cooling...
working onphase changethermaltakeaffordablecompact
https://www.ece.ucf.edu/towards-a-competitive-dense-phase-change-memory/
Towards a Competitive Dense Phase Change Memory -
Oct 19, 2019 - Dr. Jun Yang - University of Pittsburgh
phase changetowardscompetitivedensememory
https://spinoff.nasa.gov/Spinoff2009/ch_4.html
Phase Change Fabrics Control Temperature | NASA Spinoff
phase changecontrol temperaturefabricsnasaspinoff
https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101092096/reporting/pl
Phase Change Materials for Energy Efficient Edge Computing | HORIZON | CORDIS | Komisja Europejska
Latest report summary
phase change materialsfor energy
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/19/4816
Bio-Based Phase Change Materials for Sustainable Development
The increasing global population has intensified the demand for energy and food, leading to significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from both sectors. To...
phase change materialsbio basedsustainabledevelopment
https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/170102094
A latchable thermally activated phase change actuator and opti...
phase changeactivatedactuatoropti
https://www.pcht-lab.com/
Phase Change Heat Transfer Laboratory | Heating & Cooling | Taiwan | Condensation | Boiling
The Phase Change Heat Transfer Laboratory (PCHT Lab) investigates the fundamental mechanisms by which heat is dissipated from targets using phase change...
phase changeheat transferheating coolinglaboratorytaiwan
https://li.seas.upenn.edu/tags/phase-change-memories/page/2/
phase change memories | Penn Computational Intelligence Lab
Eduardo D. Glandt Faculty Fellow and Associate Professor, Co-director for CyberSavvy Center
phase changecomputational intelligencememoriespennlab
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2013/NR/c3nr02842a
Phase change nanocomposites with tunable melting temperature and thermal energy storage density -...
Size-dependent melting decouples melting temperature from chemical composition and provides a new design variable for phase change material applications. To...
thermal energy storagephase change
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3291
Preparation of Thermal Conductivity-Enhanced, Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials Using...
To improve the poor thermal conductivity of microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCMs), a strategy was designed with effective combinations between...
phase change materialsthermal conductivitypreparationenhancedusing
https://research.tue.nl/nl/publications/thermal-regulation-of-photovoltaic-panels-using-phase-change-mate/
Thermal regulation of photovoltaic panels using phase-change materials - Onderzoeksportaal...
phase change materialsthermal regulationphotovoltaic panelsusingonderzoeksportaal
https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/nanopub/1577/
"Tunable hyperbolic metamaterials utilizing phase change heterostructur" by Harish N.S....
We present a metal-free tunable anisotropic metamaterial where the iso-frequency surface is tuned from elliptical to hyperbolic dispersion by exploiting the...
phase changetunablehyperbolicmetamaterialsutilizing
https://rss.globenewswire.com/news-release/2024/06/17/2899587/0/en/Phase-Change-Materials-Market-worth-1-383-million-by-2029-Globally-at-a-CAGR-of-17-1-says-MarketsandMarkets.html
Phase Change Materials Market worth $1,383 million by 2029
Chicago, June 17, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The Global Phase Change Materials Market is projected to grow from USD 628 million in 2024 to USD 1,383...
phase change materialsmarketworthmillion
https://patents.google.com/patent/CN201100721Y/en
CN201100721Y - Phase change temperature difference energy-saving air conditioner - Google Patents
The utility model relates to a phase-change temperature difference energy-saving air conditioner, which comprises a controller, an electric control air supply...
phase changetemperature differenceenergy savingair conditioner
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/3/514
Phase-Change-Material-Impregnated Wood for Potential Energy-Saving Building Materials
PCMs (phase change materials) are ideal for thermal management solutions in buildings. This is because they release and store thermal energy during melting and...
phase change materialpotential energyimpregnatedwood
https://patents.google.com/patent/CN106678930A/en
CN106678930A - Solar phase change heating plant - Google Patents
The invention discloses a solar phase change heating plant. The solar phase change heating plant comprises a solar phase change heating plant shell and a phase...
phase changeheating plantsolargooglepatents
https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/fixed-grid-techniques-for-phase-change-problems-a-review/
Fixed grid techniques for phase change problems: A review - Experts@Minnesota
phase changefixedgridtechniques
https://research.ibm.com/publications/optimization-of-projected-phase-change-memory-for-application-in-analog-neuromorphic-computing
Optimization of Projected Phase Change Memory for Application in Analog Neuromorphic Computing for...
Optimization of Projected Phase Change Memory for Application in Analog Neuromorphic Computing for MRS Fall Meeting 2021 by Ning Li et al.
phase change memory
https://phasechangedesign.com/
Phase Change Design
phase changedesign
https://www.southampton.ac.uk/study/postgraduate-research/projects/novel-phase-change-materials-for-neuromorphic-applications-0
Novel phase change materials for neuromorphic applications | University of Southampton
Discover more about our research project: Novel phase change materials for neuromorphic applications at the University of Southampton.
phase change materialsuniversity ofnovelneuromorphicapplications
https://www.ccs.upm.es/research/publications/experimental-evidence-of-thermocapillarity-in-phase-change-materials-in-microgravity-measuring-the-effect-of-marangoni-convection-in-solid-liquid-phase-transitions/
Experimental evidence of thermocapillarity in phase change materials in microgravity: Measuring the...
phase change materialsexperimental evidence
https://www.kth.se/om/upptack/kalender/numerical-study-of-interface-dynamics-and-phase-change-1.1202472?date=2022-11-25&orgdate=2022-11-25&length=1&orglength=0
Numerical study of interface dynamics and phase change | KTH
phase changenumericalstudyinterfacedynamics
https://kr.mathworks.com/help/comm/ref/raypl.html
raypl - Path loss and phase change for RF propagation ray - MATLAB
This MATLAB function returns the path loss and phase shift for the specified RF propagation ray.
path lossphase changerf propagation
https://iris.cnr.it/handle/20.500.14243/40613
Nonlinear evolution inclusions arising from phase change models
phase changenonlinearevolutioninclusionsarising
https://intra.kth.se/en/aktuellt/kalender/numerical-study-of-interface-dynamics-and-phase-change-1.1202472?date=2022-11-25&orgdate=2022-07-09&length=1&orglength=176
Numerical study of interface dynamics and phase change | KTH
phase changenumericalstudyinterfacedynamics
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/patent/EP-0463413-A3
Reversible optical phase-change type record carrier - Patent EP-0463413-A3 - PubChem
EP-0463413-A3 chemical patent summary.
phase change
https://experts.colorado.edu/display/pubid_116933
Thermodynamics of perfluorocarbon microbubble phase-change agents | CU Experts | CU Boulder
phase changethermodynamicsagentscuexperts
https://patents.google.com/patent/US20080266801A1/en
US20080266801A1 - Phase change cooled power electronic module - Google Patents
A power electronic module is cooled by a phase change heat spreader or cooling device. The module may include switched or unswitched devices, such as power...
phase changepower electroniccooledmodulegoogle
https://www.ccs.upm.es/research/publications/the-thermocapillary-effects-in-phase-change-materials-in-microgravity-experiment-design-preparation-and-execution-of-a-parabolic-flight-experiment-2/
The Thermocapillary Effects in Phase Change Materials in Microgravity experiment: Design,...
phase change materialseffectsmicrogravityexperimentdesign
https://www.greenworldtek.com/
Green World Tek - Bio Phase Change Materials
Green World Tek, the most globally respected and environmentally safe Bio Phase Change Material products for energy savings and product resiliency in Building...
green worldphase changetekbiomaterials
https://experts.arizona.edu/en/projects/phase-change-contrast-agents-for-ultrasound-detection-of-breast-c/
Phase-Change Contrast Agents for Ultrasound Detection of Breast Cancer - University of Arizona
phase changecontrast agentsultrasound detection
https://drum.lib.umd.edu/items/ca0f70cc-4601-433c-8c15-7c97da0919dc
Personal cooling system with phase change material
Personal cooling systems (PCS) are attracting more attention recently since they can set back building thermostat setpoints to achieve energy savings and...
personal coolingphase changesystemmaterial
https://research.ibm.com/publications/neuromorphic-system-with-phase-change-synapses-for-pattern-learning-and-feature-extraction
Neuromorphic system with phase-change synapses for pattern learning and feature extraction for...
Neuromorphic system with phase-change synapses for pattern learning and feature extraction for IJCNN 2017 by Stanislaw Wozniak et al.
phase change
https://www.imm.cnr.it/publications/behavioral-modeling-integrated-phase-change-photonic-devices-neuromorphic-computing
Behavioral modeling of integrated phase-change photonic devices for neuromorphic computing...
phase changephotonic devicesbehavioralmodelingintegrated
https://my.vanderbilt.edu/caldwellgroup/2018/10/refraction-of-hyperbolic-polaritons-using-phase-change-materials/
Refraction of Hyperbolic Polaritons using Phase Change Materials | Caldwell Nanophotonic Materials...
Refraction of Hyperbolic Polaritons using Phase Change Materials. We are delighted to say that our work on controlling hyperbolic polaritons in hBN using the...
phase change materialsrefractionhyperbolicusingcaldwell
https://www.ojp.gov/library/publications/organic-phase-change-nanoparticles-product-labeling-agrochemicals
Organic Phase Change Nanoparticles for in-Product Labeling of Agrochemicals | Office of Justice...
Since there is an urgent need to develop in-product covert barcodes for anti-counterfeiting of agrochemicals, this article reports on a new organic...
phase changein product
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27959556/
Mixed-Mode Operation of Hybrid Phase-Change Nanophotonic Circuits
Phase change materials (PCMs) are highly attractive for nonvolatile electrical and all-optical memory applications because of unique features such as ultrafast...
mixed modephase changeoperationhybridcircuits
https://dspace.rpi.edu/items/1261111f-33ed-44a9-bc62-534466ff6a6c
A stabilized finite element method for compressible phase change phenomena
This thesis presents a finite element based method that addresses these challenges. The discretization is continuous everywhere except at the interface, and it...
finite element methodphase changestabilizedphenomena
https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000135831
Long-term functionality of a passive phase-change materials bu...
phase change materialslong termfunctionalitypassivebu
https://research.ibm.com/publications/distinguishing-mechanisms-of-morphological-instabilities-in-phase-change-materials-during-switching
Distinguishing mechanisms of morphological instabilities in phase change materials during switching...
Distinguishing mechanisms of morphological instabilities in phase change materials during switching for Thin Solid Films by M.K. Santala et al.
phase change materialsdistinguishingmechanisms
https://xuebao.sjtu.edu.cn/EN/Y2019/V53/I8/936
A High-Speed Read Circuit for Phase-Change Random-Access Memory
The read circuit in phase-change random access memory (PCRAM) is impro...
high speedphase changerandom accessreadcircuit
https://www.flow.kth.se/event/defence/numerical-study-of-interface-dynamics-and-phase-change-1.1209390
Numerical study of interface dynamics and phase change | KTH
phase changenumericalstudyinterfacedynamics
https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/items/6eeee831-b709-40fd-acdf-c5f848e000aa
Characterisation of promising phase change materials for high temperature thermal energy storage
In the current study two phase change materials have been initially characterised as potential high temperature phase change materials (PCM) for thermal energy...
phase change materials
https://researchdiscovery.drexel.edu/esploro/outputs/graduate/Experimental-characterization-of-the-melting-and/991014632652204721
Experimental characterization of the melting and freezing of encapsulated phase-change materials...
This work was conducted as part of a multidisciplinary project on the development of alternative dry-cooling technologies for power plants using phase change...
of thephase changeexperimentalcharacterizationmelting
https://experts.mcmaster.ca/scholarly-works/1495707
Potential of cascaded phase change materials in...
Learn about the scholarly work entitled Potential of cascaded phase change materials in...
phase change materialspotential
https://patents.google.com/patent/CN117964206A/en
CN117964206A - Sludge non-phase change rapid drying equipment - Google Patents
The invention discloses a sludge non-phase change rapid drying device which consists of a drying bin, a storage bin, a material conveying device, a heat supply...
phase changedrying equipmentsludgenonrapid
https://research.tue.nl/en/publications/salt-hydrate-phase-change-materials-material-behaviour-and-therma/
Salt Hydrate Phase Change Materials: Material Behaviour and Thermal Energy Storage Applications -...
phase change materialsthermal energy storage
https://me.umd.edu/research/phase-change-heat-transfer-laboratory
Phase Change Heat Transfer Laboratory | Department of Mechanical Engineering
phase changeheat transferlaboratory departmentmechanicalengineering
https://discovery.fiu.edu/display/pub114106
Equivalent circuit for VOsub2/sub phase change material film in reconfigurable frequency...
phase change material
https://patents.google.com/patent/CN102168892A/en
CN102168892A - Tank-free flat type phase change heat storage solar heat utilization unit - Google...
The invention relates to a tankless plate type phase change heat storage type solar heat utilization device, which is applied to the field of medium and low...
https://researchconnect.buffalo.edu/en/publications/use-of-ordered-mesoporous-siosub2sub-as-protection-against-therma/
Use of ordered mesoporous SiO2 as protection against thermal disturbance in phase-change memory -...
https://www.pa.gov/agencies/penndot/news-and-media/newsroom/district-11/2025/route-885-lebanon-road-tunnel-improvements-phase-change-underway
Route 885 Lebanon Road Tunnel Improvements Phase Change Underway in West Mifflin | Department of...
Route 885 Lebanon Road Tunnel Improvements Phase Change Underway in West Mifflin
https://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:1791220
Specific heat and excess heat capacity of grout with phase change materials using heat conduction...
https://medialab.sjtu.edu.cn/publication/xue-2010-bsb/
Background Subtraction Based on Phase and Distance Transform under Sudden Illumination Change |...
based on
https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v230y2021ics0360544221010938.html
In-situ phase separation to improve phase change heat transfer performance
Downloadable (with restrictions)! Phase change is widely applied in thermal-power conversion, cooling and thermal management, influencing efficiency, safety...
in situphase separationheat transferimprovechange
https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/preparation-and-characterization-of-phase-change-material-for-the/
Preparation and characterization of phase change material for thermal energy storage in buildings -...
phase change material
https://www.sciencealert.com/before-human-made-climate-change-was-earth-actually-in-a-cooling-phase
Before Human-Made Climate Change, Was Earth Actually in a Cooling Phase? : ScienceAlert
Feb 18, 2023 - Over the past century, the Earth's average temperature has swiftly increased by about 1 degree Celsius (1.8 degrees Fahrenheit).
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/tetsutohagane/108/10/108_TETSU-2022-020/_article
Ductile Fracture Behavior for Two-phase Steel under Tensile Deformation with Strain Path Change
Access full-text academic articles: J-STAGE is an online platform for Japanese academic journals.
https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/resources/evaluation-of-lauric-myristic-acid-as-phase-change-material-in-thermally-modified-wood-for-thermal-energy-storage/
Evaluation of lauric-myristic acid as phase change material in thermally modified wood for thermal...