Robuta

https://eo4society.esa.int/results/diatom-phenology-in-the-southern-ocean-mean-patterns-trends-and-the-role-of-climate-oscillations/ Diatom Phenology in the Southern Ocean: Mean Patterns, Trends and the Role of Climate Oscillations... https://myemail.constantcontact.com/Ring-in-spring-with-us-at-Phenology-Week--March-16-20.html?soid=1102731551578&aid=saDF6eWZqDc Ring in spring with us at Phenology Week, March 16-20 Email from USA National Phenology Network Greetings! The calendar says spring will arrive next week: are you seeing signs where you live? I hope you will ring... in springwith us https://mnspruce.ornl.gov/datasets/spruce-vegetation-phenology-in-experimental-plots-from-phenocam-imagery-2015-2022 SPRUCE: Vegetation Phenology in Experimental Plots from Phenocam Imagery, 2015-2022 | SPRUCE sprucevegetationphenologyexperimental https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101117001 Will leaf phenology keep pace with climate warming? | LEAFPACE | Project | Fact Sheet | HORIZON |... Leaf phenology, the study of the seasonal timing and drivers of budburst, leaf unfolding, maturation and senescence, is the starting point of land carbon (C)... https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/ecology-and-evolution/articles/10.3389/fevo.2023.1332116/full Frontiers | Understanding spatio-temporal variation of autumn phenology in temperate China from... Land surface phenology plays a crucial role in accurately parameterizing interactions between land ecosystems and the atmosphere. Changes in autumn phenology... https://usanpn.org/ Home Page | USA National Phenology Network home pageusanationalphenologynetwork https://ed.ted.com/lessons/phenology-and-nature-s-shifting-rhythms-regina-brinker Phenology and nature's shifting rhythms - Regina Brinker | TED-Ed With rapidly rising global temperatures come seasonal changes. As spring comes earlier for some plant species, there are ripple effects throughout the food... phenologynatureshiftingrhythmsregina https://cpp.msi.ucsb.edu/phenology-parks-new/lassen-volcanic-national-park Lassen Volcanic National Park | CPP: California Phenology Project lassen volcanic national parkcppcaliforniaphenologyproject https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/fgmsp66279/1 Impacts of drought on the spring phenology of temperate vegetation along a climate gradient: a case... Original data of the paper, including NDVI data, drought data, and vegetation zoning data. https://cpp.msi.ucsb.edu/about About | CPP: California Phenology Project about cppcaliforniaphenologyproject https://agrovoc.fao.org/skosmosAsfa/asfa/zh/page/c_5774?clang=fi phenology - Asfa - asfa Concept phenology in vocabulary phenologyasfa https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/es/about/competitive-programs/measures/vegetation-phenology-vegetation-index-products Vegetation Phenology and Vegetation Index Products from Multiple Long-Term Satellite Data Records |... MEaSUREs 2006 project focused on generating 30+ years of consistent and well characterized ESDR/CDR data quality measurements of land surface VI. index products https://extension.psu.edu/pennsylvania-tree-fruit-phenology-report-april-21-2026 Pennsylvania Tree Fruit Phenology Report: April 21, 2026 The apple and peach phenology reports track the development of fruiting buds throughout the bloom window across Pennsylvania. tree fruitpennsylvaniaphenologyreportapril https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/331667/reporting/fr Monitoring vegetation phenology at multiple scales in Europe from the GMES satellite sensor... Latest report summary https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/phenology-of-ixodes-ricinus-and-lyme-borreliosis-risk/ Phenology of Ixodes ricinus and Lyme borreliosis risk - Wageningen University & Research ixodes ricinuslyme borreliosiswageningen universityphenology https://cpp.msi.ucsb.edu/phenology-parks-new/santa-monica-mountains-national-recreation-area Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area | CPP: California Phenology Project santa monica mountainsrecreation areanationalcppcalifornia https://eatonrapidsjoe.blogspot.com/2018/04/phenology-report_24.html Eaton Rapids Joe: Phenology report eaton rapids joephenologyreport https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/4/574 Dynamic Threshold of Carbon Phenology in Two Cold Temperate Grasslands in China Plant phenology, especially the timing of the start and the end of the vegetation growing season (SOS and EOS), plays a major role in grassland ecosystem... dynamicthresholdcarbonphenology https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/9/4/193 Robust Model Predicts Shoot Phenology of Fraser Fir under Extreme Conditions Fraser fir (Abies fraseri [Pursh] Poir.) is an important Christmas tree species in the United States, and understanding its phenology is important for managing... fraser firrobustmodelpredictsshoot https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/phenology phenology - Wikikamus bahasa Indonesia phenologywikikamusbahasaindonesia https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/publications/the-phenology-mismatch-hypothesis-are-declines-of-migrant-birds-l/ The phenology mismatch hypothesis: are declines of migrant birds linked to uneven global climate... https://impact.ornl.gov/en/datasets/spruce-ground-observations-of-phenology-in-experimental-plots-202-3/ SPRUCE Ground Observations of Phenology in Experimental Plots, 2021 - Oak Ridge National Laboratory https://gi.copernicus.org/articles/5/417/2016/gi-5-417-2016-discussion.html GI - Peer review - Digital photography for assessing the link between vegetation phenology and CO2... https://extension.psu.edu/spring-phenology-notes Spring Phenology Notes This article is a collection of phenology notes specifically focused on the spring months: April, May, and June. springphenologynotes https://eu-space.europa.eu/news/observer-empowering-europes-environmental-response-clms-vegetation-phenology-productivity-data OBSERVER: Empowering Europe's Environmental Response with CLMS Vegetation Phenology & Productivity... May 6, 2026 - Over the last twenty years, Europe has been hit with a series of record-breaking heatwaves and droughts. The summers of 2003 and 2010 were especially bad, with... environmental responseobserverempoweringeurope https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/data/catalog/ornl-cloud-phenology-ameriflux-neon-sites-2033-1 Land Surface Phenology, Eddy Covariance Tower Sites, North America, 2017-2021 | NASA Earthdata Land Surface Phenology, Eddy Covariance Tower Sites, North America, 2017-2021 https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/16/277/2024/essd-16-277-2024-assets.html ESSD - Assets - Mapping 24 woody plant species phenology and ground forest phenology over China... Abstract. Plant phenology refers to cyclic plant growth events, and is one of the most important indicators of climate change. Integration of plant phenology... https://seasonwatch.umn.edu/phenology-investigations-minnesota-schools Phenology Investigations in Minnesota Schools | Season Watch in minnesotaphenologyinvestigationsschoolsseason https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/23/10133 Impacts of Climate and Phenology on the Yields of Early Mature Rice in China Phenological variables are closely correlated with rice (Oryza sativa L.) yields as they play important roles in influencing and controlling the carbon... https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/14/2851/2022/essd-14-2851-2022-relations.html ESSD - Relations - A 30 m annual maize phenology dataset from 1985 to 2020 in China Abstract. Crop phenology indicators provide essential information on crop growth phases, which are highly required for agroecosystem management and yield... https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/es/data/catalog/laads-mod09a1p-evi-6 MODIS/Terra EVI Phenology annual L4 500m SIN Grid | NASA Earthdata MODIS/Terra EVI Phenology annual L4 500m SIN Grid modisterraeviphenologyannual https://climate.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/Phenology_PEP725/PEP725_RIP_chestnut/MapServer/queryDomains QueryDomains : (Phenology_PEP725/PEP725_RIP_chestnut) phenologyripchestnut https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/24356 Seasonal trends and phenology shifts in sea surface temperature on the North American northeastern... The northeastern North American continental shelf from Cape Hatteras to the Scotian Shelf is a region of globally extreme positive trends in sea surface... https://radfordphenology.weebly.com/ Radford University Phenology Monitoring - Radford University Phenology Monitoring Trees, wildflowers, birds, and wildlife in the Appalachian Mountains of Virginia radford universityphenologymonitoring https://www.usgs.gov/publications/snowmelt-timing-regulates-community-composition-phenology-and-physiological Snowmelt timing regulates community composition, phenology, and physiological performance of alpine... The spatial patterning of alpine plant communities is strongly influenced by the variation in physical factors such as temperature and moisture, which are... snowmelttimingcommunitycomposition https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/8z88khd484/1 Data for: Phenology acts as a primary control of urban vegetation cooling and warming: a synthetic... This dataset is collected from global published literatures. It mainly contains the local climate parameters, vegetative parameters and vegetation cooling... https://atseasons.usanpn.org/ Home Page | USA National Phenology Network home pageusanationalphenologynetwork https://pure.psu.edu/en/publications/root-phenology-in-a-changing-climate/ Root phenology in a changing climate - Penn State in achanging climaterootphenologypenn https://lcluc.umd.edu/document/henebry-gm-km-de-beurs-2025-remote-sensing-land-surface-phenology-progress-challenges Henebry GM, KM de Beurs. 2025. Remote Sensing of Land Surface Phenology: Progress, Challenges,... https://uwaterloo.ca/can-peat/news/plot-scale-vegetation-phenology-peatlands-insights-peatpic Plot-scale vegetation phenology in peatlands: insights from the PeatPic Project | Can-Peat |... Plot-scale vegetation phenology in peatlands: insights from the PeatPic Project https://tes-sfa.ornl.gov/bibcite/reference/184 Artificial light at night: an underappreciated effect on phenology of deciduous woody plants |... light at night https://cran.wustl.edu/web/packages/hatchR/vignettes/Predict_phenology_advanced.html Predict fish phenology: advanced predictfishphenologyadvanced https://labs.eemb.ucsb.edu/mazer/susan/publications/1569 Forecasting phenology: from species variability to community patterns | Susan Mazer Lab | Ecology,... to community https://arboretum.harvard.edu/research_talks/linking-belowground-phenology-to-ecosystem-processes-in-the-real-world-and-in-models/ Linking belowground phenology to ecosystem processes in the real world and in models - Arnold... in the real world https://open.bu.edu/items/fb6b7f8c-99a6-416a-949f-f7c2514101d0 Effects of climate change and invasive plants on autumn phenology in Massachusetts, USA The timing of biological events in autumn, or autumn phenology, is an important factor in many ecosystem processes. Leaf senescence terminates the growing... effects of climate change https://cpp.msi.ucsb.edu/cpp-partners-new/don-edwards-national-wildlife-refuge Don Edwards National Wildlife Refuge | CPP: California Phenology Project national wildlife refugedon edwardscppcaliforniaphenology https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/13/625/2016/bg-13-625-2016-discussion.html BG - Peer review - Global assessment of Vegetation Index and Phenology Lab (VIP) and Global... peer reviewglobal assessment https://repository.rit.edu/article/1997/ "Phenology-dependent cold exposure and thermal performance of Ostrinia " by Crista B. Wadsworth,... Background Understanding adaptation involves establishing connections between selective agents and beneficial population responses. However, relatively little... https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=48416 Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on the Phenology and Yield of Maize Varieties Discover the impact of nitrogen and phosphorus levels on maize yield in an experiment conducted in Malakabad (Gadera) Dargai Malak and KPK. Find out the... https://discovery.fiu.edu/display/pub104681 Phenology of fruit development and abortion in sawgrass, iCladium jamaicense/i, and its... https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/tags/phenology?hl=it Datasets tagged phenology in Earth Engine | Earth Engine Data Catalog | Google for Developers Set di dati con tag fenologia earth enginedata catalogdatasetstaggedphenology https://www.usgs.gov/publications/phenology-higher-education Phenology in higher education | U.S. Geological Survey Phenological data collection and analysis are well-suited to higher education settings, providing valuable opportunities for hands-on data collection,... higher educationphenologygeologicalsurvey https://www.meteosvizzera.admin.ch/servizi-e-pubblicazioni/pubblicazioni/pubblicazioni-scientifiche/peer-reviewed/tree-phenology-and-carbon-dioxide-fluxes-use-of-digital-photography-for-process-based-interpretation-at-the-ecosystem-scaleclimate-research-39-261-274.html Tree phenology and carbon dioxide fluxes: use of digital photography for process-based... https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/64416 Interactions of warming and altered nutrient load timing on the phenology of oxygen dynamics in... The effects of nutrient loading on estuaries are well studied, given the multitude of negative water quality and ecosystem effects that have been attributed to... https://portal.fis.tum.de/en/publications/plant-phenology-changes-and-climate-change/ Plant Phenology Changes and Climate Change - Technical University of Munich climate changetechnical universityplantphenologychanges https://cpp.msi.ucsb.edu/news News & Upcoming Events | CPP: California Phenology Project upcoming eventsnewscppcaliforniaphenology https://repository.lib.ncsu.edu/items/98f957fa-8533-43be-af6c-def7e898a61c/full Phenology of the Twospotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) in North... The twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is a cosmopolitan and highly polyphagous pest of many fruits, vegetables, ornamentals, and field crops.... of thespider mite https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/data/catalog/lpcloud-vnp22c2-002 VIIRS/NPP Land Surface Phenology Yearly L3 Global 0.05Deg CMG V002 | NASA Earthdata VIIRS/NPP Land Surface Phenology Yearly L3 Global 0.05Deg CMG V002 https://vivo.colorado.edu/display/pubid_373510 Phenology of Photosynthesis in Winter-Dormant Temperate and Boreal Forests: Long-Term Observations... https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10402201-modeling-seasonal-vegetation-phenology-from-hydroclimatic-drivers-contrasting-plant-functional-groups-within-drylands-southwestern-usa Modeling seasonal vegetation phenology from hydroclimatic drivers for contrasting plant functional... This page contains metadata information for the record with PAR ID 10402201 modelingseasonalvegetationphenology https://biometeorology.umn.edu/research/phenology-cameras Phenology Cameras | Biometeorology Group phenologycamerasgroup https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0112174 The Phenology of Ticks and the Effects of Long-Term Prescribed Burning on Tick Population Dynamics... Some tick populations have increased dramatically in the past several decades leading to an increase in the incidence and emergence of tick-borne diseases.... https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/datahub/datahubitem-view/b6cc3b37-0686-4bb1-b8c3-3c08520743c3 High Resolution Vegetation Phenology and Productivity (UTM WGS84) high resolutionvegetationphenologyproductivityutm https://horticulture.oregonstate.edu/file/spring-2022-horticulture-seminar-series-march-29-erica-rudolph-osu-hazelnut-aphid-phenology-and Spring 2022 Horticulture Seminar Series, March 29, Erica Rudolph, OSU, "Hazelnut aphid phenology... https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/16/277/2024/essd-16-277-2024-discussion.html ESSD - Peer review - Mapping 24 woody plant species phenology and ground forest phenology over... Abstract. Plant phenology refers to cyclic plant growth events, and is one of the most important indicators of climate change. Integration of plant phenology... https://researchportal.helsinki.fi/fi/publications/breeding-phenology-in-great-and-blue-tits-parus-spp-are-urban-pop/ Breeding phenology in Great and Blue Tits (Parus spp.): are urban populations more resistant to... https://experts.illinois.edu/en/publications/addressing-crop-dormancy-for-phenology-based-field-level-detectio/ Addressing Crop Dormancy for Phenology-Based Field-Level Detection of Winter Wheat Planting Dates... https://su.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?faces-redirect=true&language=en&searchType=SIMPLE&query=&af=%5B%5D&aq=%5B%5B%5D%5D&aq2=%5B%5B%5D%5D&aqe=%5B%5D&pid=diva2%3A1246307&noOfRows=50&sortOrder=author_sort_asc&sortOrder2=title_sort_asc&onlyFullText=false&sf=all Partitioning of the net CO2 exchange using an automated chamber system reveals plant phenology as... https://research.utwente.nl/en/datasets/phenology-of-short-vegetation-cycles-in-a-kenyan-rangeland-from-p/ Phenology of short vegetation cycles in a Kenyan rangeland from PlanetScope and Sentinel-2 -... https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/synchronous-and-asynchronous-root-and-shoot-phenology-in-temperat/ Synchronous and asynchronous root and shoot phenology in temperate woody seedlings - Vrije... synchronousrootshoot https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/items/84375 Spring Phenology and Trophic Ecology of Trees, Caterpillars, and Migrating Neotropical -Nearctic... springphenologytrophicecology https://repository.lib.ncsu.edu/items/37b75bc4-2bf8-4755-a406-d15cc0d91d3e Effects of Temperature, Phenology, and Geography on Butterfly Population Dynamics under Climate... https://www.lcluc.umd.edu/projects/multisource-imaging-seasonal-dynamics-land-surface-phenology-fusion-approach-using-2 Multisource Imaging of Seasonal Dynamics in Land Surface Phenology: A Fusion Approach Using Landsat... https://www.uvm.edu/femc/CI4/data/archive/project/landscape-fall-color-leaf-drop-monitoring/dataset/phenology-leaf-drop-monitoring/files FEMC - Dataset - Phenology Leaf Drop Monitoring - Files Publications and reports associated with the dataset femcdatasetphenologyleafdrop https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/12/1364 Impact of Environmental Conditions on Grass Phenology in the Regional Climate Model COSMO-CLM Feedbacks of plant phenology to the regional climate system affect fluxes of energy, water, CO2, biogenic volatile organic compounds as well as canopy... https://essic.umd.edu/marine-phytoplankton-phenology-from-satellite-ocean-color-measurements/ Marine Phytoplankton Phenology from Satellite Ocean Color Measurements - ESSIC Sep 8, 2023 - Researchers: Christopher W. Brown, Mathew R. P. Sapiano, Stephanie Schollaert Uz2 and Marco Vargas This work builds on our recent article which presented a... marine phytoplanktonphenologysatelliteoceancolor https://daac.ornl.gov/cgi-bin/show_pubs.pl?ds=2248 Publications Citing Phenology derived from Satellite Data and PhenoCam across CONUS and Alaska,... satellite data https://datacommons.anu.edu.au/DataCommons/rest/search/browse/results?field=keyword&field-select=%22Phenology+Studies%2C+Insect+Flower+Visitors%22&limit=10&filter= Browse results for "Phenology Studies, Insect Flower Visitors" browse resultsphenologystudiesinsectflower https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Phenology Category:Phenology - Wikimedia Commons categoryphenologywikimediacommons https://necasc.umass.edu/biblio/ittextquoterights-about-time-synthesis-changing-phenology-gulf-maine-ecosystem It\textquoterights about time: A synthesis of changing phenology in the Gulf of Maine ecosystem :... https://drum.lib.umd.edu/items/557c4d0a-3dda-4f34-aa66-1dc89d110803/full Phenology and Cold Tolerance of Megacopta cribraria: An Invasive Soybean Pest at its Northern Limit Megacopta cribraria, kudzu bug, is an invasive pest of soybeans in the Southeast United States, with a northern distribution limit in Maryland. Soybeans,... https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/items/4eb29ab5-6a2c-43af-9a75-10b36340b776 Global patterns of lake ice phenology and climate: Model simulations and observations Lake ice phenology parameters (dates of ice onset and thaw) provide an integrative climatic description of autumn to springtime conditions. Interannual... climate modelglobalpatternslakeice https://scholars.duke.edu/publication/1279306 Scholars@Duke publication: Canalization of Seasonal Phenology in the Presence of Developmental... in thescholarsdukepublication https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/entities/publication/18e64e62-c544-412c-91bf-0da1ce129ba1 Variations of Lake Ice Phenology on the Tibetan Plateau From 2001 to 2017 Based on MODIS Data Lake ice is a robust indicator of climate change. The availability of information contained in Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer daily snow... https://www.fws.gov/rivers/media/tfo-listed-plants-habitat-and-phenology TFO listed plants habitat and phenology | FWS.gov tfolistedplantshabitatphenology https://impact.ornl.gov/en/publications/photosynthesis-phenology-as-defined-by-solar-induced-chlorophyll-/ Photosynthesis phenology, as defined by solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence, is overestimated by... chlorophyll fluorescencephotosynthesisphenologydefined https://open.bu.edu/items/fb710562-9308-4d06-ae30-1110f9484881 Predicting spring phenology in deciduous broadleaf forests: NEON phenology forecasting community... predictingspringphenologydeciduousbroadleaf https://drum.lib.umd.edu/items/73ecb123-53df-4d9d-8779-e68cb7f6580d Flowering phenology at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory 1973-2012 This spreadsheet contains data on the phenology (timing) and abundance of flowering by wildflowers in 30 2x2m plots at the Rocky Mountain Biological... at therocky mountainfloweringphenologybiological https://journals.ku.edu/melittology/issue/view/3055 No. 141 (2026): A new species of Andrena (Labergeia) from Texas with an unusual phenology and... https://yanglab.ucdavis.edu/2018/08/02/experimental-shifts-in-phenology-affect-fitness-foraging-and-parasitism-in-a-native-solitary-bee/ Experimental shifts in phenology affect fitness, foraging, and parasitism in a native solitary bee... https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/fr/data/catalog/ornl-cloud-lc14-surface-roots-phenology-1268-1 LBA-ECO LC-14 Root Biomass and Phenology, km 67 Site, Para, Brazil: 2001 | NASA Earthdata LBA-ECO LC-14 Root Biomass and Phenology, km 67 Site, Para, Brazil: 2001 https://conservancy.umn.edu/items/2c49b12e-d0d2-4169-8d79-f76ccbf37f93 Mapping oak wilt disease from space using land surface phenology Protecting the future of forests relies on our ability to observe changes in forest health. Thus, developing tools for sensing diseases in a timely fashion is... oak wiltfrom spaceland surfacemappingdisease https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/ph%C3%A9nologie-de-la-reproduction-du-vautour-charognard-necrosyrtes-m/ Reproductive phenology of the Hooded Vulture Necrosyrtes monachus in the Sudan-Sahel zone at... https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/fly-ointment-how-predict-environmentally-driven-phenology-organism A Fly in the Ointment: How to Predict Environmentally Driven Phenology of an Organism That... This article discusses how to predict environmentally driven phenology of an organism that partially regulates its microclimate. a fly in the ointment https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/15/4019/2018/bg-15-4019-2018.html BG - Leaf phenology as one important driver of seasonal changes in isoprene emissions in central... Abstract. Isoprene fluxes vary seasonally with changes in environmental factors (e.g., solar radiation and temperature) and biological factors (e.g., leaf... https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/tags/phenology?hl=id Datasets tagged phenology in Earth Engine | Earth Engine Data Catalog | Google for Developers Set data yang diberi tag fenologi earth enginedata catalogdatasetstaggedphenology https://pure.psu.edu/en/publications/comparison-of-the-aquacrop-and-ceres-maize-models-for-simulating-/ Comparison of the AquaCrop and CERES-Maize models for simulating maize phenology, grain yield,... https://labs.eemb.ucsb.edu/mazer/susan/publications/2051 A Phenology-focused CURE using Herbarium Specimen Data. Cultivating Scientific Curiosity, (Version... https://impact.ornl.gov/en/datasets/spruce-vegetation-phenology-in-experimental-plots-from-phenocam-i-5/ SPRUCE Vegetation Phenology in Experimental Plots from Phenocam Imagery, 2015-2019 - Oak Ridge... https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/181/2025/bg-22-181-2025-discussion.html BG - Peer review - Development of the DO3SE-Crop model to assess ozone effects on crop phenology,... Abstract. A substantial body of empirical evidence exists to suggest that elevated O3 levels are causing significant impacts on wheat yields at sites...