Robuta

https://www.codecademy.com/resources/docs/php/string-functions/hex2bin
Converts a string of hexadecimal values to its binary representation.
php string functionscodecademy
https://www.php.net/manual/en/taint.detail.basic.php
Functions and Statements which will spread the tainted mark of a tainted string
php functionsstatementsspreadtaintedmark
https://www.codecademy.com/resources/docs/php/string-functions/ord
Returns an integer between 0 and 255 corresponding to the binary value of the first character of a string.
php string functionsordcodecademy
https://www.codecademy.com/resources/docs/php/string-functions/trim
Strips whitespace and/or other characters from the beginning and end of a string.
php string functionstrimcodecademy
https://www.codecademy.com/resources/docs/php/string-functions/str-replace
Returns a string with occurrences of a specified substring replaced by another string.
php string functionsreplacecodecademy