Robuta

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11869876/ Can oral caffeine decrease postoperative opioid consumption following posterior spinal fusion in... Current studies have examined the efficacy of opioid-sparing analgesics primarily in adult surgical populations, while fewer guide pediatric postoperative pain... posterior spinal fusion https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33738766/ In-hospital opioid usage following posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis:... There was no decrease of in-hospital opioid usage when methadone was used with an ERAS protocol. Total opioid usage is correlated with hospital LOS following... posterior spinal fusion