https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2021/11/23/views-on-human-suffering-and-gods-role-in-it/pf_11-23-21_problem-of-evil_1_6-png/
Most do not see suffering as a punishment from God | Pew Research Center
punishment from god
https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2018/05/29/beliefs-about-god/pf_05-29-18_religion-western-europe-04-05-png/
More belief in personal reward than punishment from God | Pew Research Center
punishment from godbelief in