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https://www.frbsf.org/topics/business-lending/ Business Lending research, insights, and data from the SF Fed Business lending refers to loans by a bank or financial institution to a business. Loans can take different forms, can be unsecured or secured by collateral,... business lendingresearch insightssf feddata https://www.frbsf.org/research-and-insights/blog/ Discover insights on our economy from our SF Fed blog posts. In-depth articles offering insights from our experts' research, public engagement, and events across the 12th district and the nation. discover insightssf fedblog postseconomy https://www.frbsf.org/topics/growth-productivity/ Growth & Productivity research, insights, and data from the SF Fed Growth refers to the increase in the aggregate production of goods and services in the economy, while productivity is often defined as the amount of output... growth productivityresearch insightssf feddata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/global-financial-markets/ Global Financial Markets research, insights, and data from the SF Fed Global financial markets refer to local and international financial markets, with a particular focus on interest rates, sovereign bonds, currencies,... global financial marketsresearch insightssf feddata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/balance-sheet/ Balance Sheet research, insights, and data from the SF Fed The Federal Reserve’s balance sheet—a record of its assets and liabilities—provides important information about the scale and scope of its open market... balance sheetresearch insightssf feddata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/macroeconomics/ Macroeconomics research, insights, and data from the SF Fed Macroeconomics is the study of the economy as a whole, with a focus on structural factors such as unemployment, inflation, and output, as well as fluctuations... macroeconomics researchsf fedinsightsdata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/japan/ Japan research, insights, and data from the SF Fed Japan has the world’s fourth-largest economy in nominal GDP terms. The Japanese yen is the third-largest reserve currency in the world, after the U.S. dollar... japan researchsf fedinsightsdata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/inflation/ Inflation research, insights, and data from the SF Fed Explore the SF Fed's insights and research on inflation, monetary policy, economic and financial conditions, and the ongoing efforts to restore price stability. inflation research insightssf feddata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/global-macroeconomics/ Global Macroeconomics research, insights, and data from the SF Fed Global macroeconomics looks at the interactions of national economies around the world, particularly focusing on international trade, international finance,... macroeconomics researchsf fedglobalinsightsdata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/us-economy/ U.S. Economy research, insights, and data from the SF Fed Explore the SF Fed's insights and research on the U.S. economy including topics such as small businesses, consumer spending, supply chains, U.S. GDP, and... economy researchsf feduinsightsdata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/demographics/ Demographics research, insights, and data from the SF Fed Demographics refers to the analysis and collection of statistical information about the composition of the U.S. population by factors such as age, sex, and... demographics researchsf fedinsightsdata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/goods-inflation/ Goods Inflation research, insights, and data from the SF Fed Goods inflation measures price changes for durable and nondurable goods. Examples of durable goods include appliances, furniture, electronics, and vehicles.... inflation research insightssf fedgoodsdata https://www.frbsf.org/work-with-us/careers/ Careers at the SF Fed Jan 30, 2025 - Explore SF Fed Careers including our benefits, student programs, early careers, and our culture. sf fedcareers https://www.frbsf.org/topics/forward-guidance/ Forward Guidance research, insights, and data from the SF Fed Forward guidance is a tool central banks use to provide communication to the public about the likely future course of monetary policy. Forward guidance gives... guidance researchsf fedforwardinsightsdata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/residential-real-estate/ Residential Real Estate research, insights, and data from the SF Fed Residential real estate refers to property used for residential purposes. Notable examples include single-family homes, condominiums, townhouses, and... residential real estateresearch insightssf feddata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/employment-rates/ Employment & Unemployment research, insights, and data from the SF Fed Employment rates measure the availability and engagement of workers in the labor market. Notable categories include the employment-to-population ratio, the... employment unemploymentresearch insightssf feddata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/small-businesses/ Small Businesses research, insights, and data from the SF Fed Small businesses play a significant role in the U.S. economy, employing nearly half of all private-sector workers. They are vital to the economic health of... small businessesresearch insightssf feddata https://www.frbsf.org/news-and-media/news/ News coverage from the SF Fed Jan 31, 2025 - Read News and Coverage Highlights from the leaders and economists at the SF Fed. news coveragesf fed https://www.frbsf.org/work-with-us/careers/thomas-j-sargent-dissertation-fellowship/ SF Fed Fellowship Program Jan 29, 2026 - The San Francisco Fed's Thomas J. Sargent Dissertation Fellowship. sf fedfellowship program https://www.frbsf.org/news-and-media/ The Latest News and Events from the SF Fed Mar 13, 2026 - Catch up on all the latest news highlights, events, and press releases from the SF Fed. Request information, speakers, or contact us. latest newssf fedevents https://www.frbsf.org/research-and-insights/ Discover research and insights from the SF Fed's publications, data, and blogs. Oct 3, 2025 - Explore the extensive work of the SF Fed: Information, research, and insights on specific topics and subtopics impacting our economy. discover researchsf fedpublications datainsightsblogs https://www.frbsf.org/topics/labor-markets/ Labor Markets research, insights, and data from the SF Fed Explore the SF Fed's insights and research on labor markets, including topics such as employment rates, labor turnover, demographics, and wages and... labor markets researchsf fedinsightsdata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/financial-markets/ Financial Markets research, insights, and data from the SF Fed Explore the SF Fed's insights and research on financial markets, including topics such as financial conditions, U.S. Treasury markets, securities and... markets research insightssf fedfinancialdata https://www.frbsf.org/about-us/our-district/american-samoa-guam-mariana-islands/ The Territories and Common-Wealth Regions of the SF Fed Mar 31, 2026 - Learn more about the territories and common-wealth regions of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, including the latest news, events, and publications. common wealthsf fedterritoriesregions https://www.frbsf.org/topics/ What We Study at the SF Fed. Insight and Research on our key topics. Dec 19, 2025 - Explore the extensive work of the SF Fed according to key areas of focus. You'll find information, research, and insights on the specific topics and subtopics. sf fedkey topicsstudyinsightresearch https://www.frbsf.org/topics/commercial-real-estate/ Commercial Real Estate research, insights, and data from the SF Fed Commercial real estate refers to properties used for business purposes or to generate income. Notable examples include office buildings, retail stores, medical... commercial real estateresearch insightssf feddata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/business-cycles/ Business Cycles research, insights, and data from the SF Fed A business cycle is the change in overall economic activity of a nation from a period of growth or expansion to a period of contraction or recession. business cyclesresearch insightssf feddata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/affordable-housing/ Affordable Housing research, insights, and data from the SF Fed Housing that is affordable is important to economic participation, affecting people’s access to jobs, schools, and transportation. Affordable housing in the... affordable housingresearch insightssf feddata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/inflation-cyclicality/ Inflation Cyclicality research, insights, and data from the SF Fed Inflation cyclicality refers to how inflation changes over the business cycle. A well-known economic theory called the Phillips curve implies that inflation... research insightssf fedinflationdata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/consumer-spending/ Consumer Spending research, insights, and data from the SF Fed Consumer spending is the total value of goods and services purchased by individuals and households over a specific time period. U.S. consumer spending accounts... consumer spendingresearch insightssf feddata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/automation/ Automation research, insights, and data from the SF Fed Automation refers to the use of technology to perform tasks using machines, robotics, programs, and other methods. automation researchsf fedinsightsdata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/housing-inflation/ Housing Inflation research, insights, and data from the SF Fed Housing inflation, also known as shelter inflation, measures price changes in the rental value of residential housing. This category falls under services... inflation research insightssf fedhousingdata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/china/ China research, insights, and data from the SF Fed China has the world’s second-largest economy in nominal GDP terms. It is the largest manufacturing nation in the world, after surpassing the United States in... china researchsf fedinsightsdata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/pacific-basin/ Pacific Basin research, insights, and data from the SF Fed The Center for Pacific Basin Studies promotes cooperation among central banks in the Pacific Basin and provides insight and analysis on economic policy issues... pacific basinresearch insightssf feddata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/wages/ Wages and Compensation research, insights, and data from the SF Fed Wages refer to compensation for people’s labor. Notable categories include average hourly and average weekly earnings, total wages and salaries by industry,... research insights datasf fedwagescompensation https://www.frbsf.org/our-people/ Learn About and connect with Our People at the SF Fed. Mar 31, 2026 - Get to know the people at the San Francisco Fed, we are united in our purpose to promote an economy that works for everyone. sf fedlearnconnectpeople https://www.frbsf.org/topics/central-banks/ Central Banks research, insights, and data from the SF Fed Central banks, like the Federal Reserve, are financial institutions that manage the monetary policy of a nation or monetary union, in addition to other... central banksresearch insightssf feddata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/interest-rates/ Interest Rates research, insights, and data from the SF Fed Interest rates are essentially the cost of borrowing money. Monetary policy uses adjustments in interest rates to stimulate or restrict economic activity to... interest ratesresearch insightssf feddata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/discount-window/ Discount Window research, insights, and data from the SF Fed The discount window plays an important role in providing liquidity and supporting the stability of the banking system. By providing ready access to funding,... discount windowresearch insightssf feddata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/monetary-policy/ Monetary Policy research, insights, and data from the SF Fed Explore the SF Fed's insights and research on monetary policy, including topics such as interest rates, forward guidance, the balance sheet, and global central... monetary policy researchsf fedinsightsdata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/emerging-markets/ Emerging Markets research, insights, and data from the SF Fed Emerging markets refers to nations with developing economies that are becoming more engaged with the global economy. emerging markets researchsf fedinsightsdata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/Covid-19-pandemic/ COVID-19 Pandemic/Recovery research, insights, and data from the SF Fed Explore the SF Fed's insights and research on the Covid-19 Pandemic. covid 19 pandemicrecovery researchsf fedinsightsdata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/community-banking/ Community Banking research, insights, and data from the SF Fed Community banks have strong impact on the neighborhoods and people they serve. By listening to and learning from community banks, we better understand the... community bankingresearch insightssf feddata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/microeconomics/ Microeconomics research, insights, and data from the SF Fed Microeconomics is the study of individual sectors and industries, and the decision behaviors of consumers and businesses when faced with changes in incentives,... research insightssf fedmicroeconomicsdata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/financial-stability/ Financial Stability research, insights, and data from the SF Fed A financial system is considered stable when banks, other lenders, and financial markets are able to provide households, communities, and businesses with the... financial stabilityresearch insightssf feddata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/community-reinvestment-act/ Community Reinvestment Act research, insights, and data from the SF Fed What is the CRA? The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) is a federal law that was enacted in 1977 to encourage banks to meet the credit needs of the communities... community reinvestment actresearch insightssf feddata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/banking/ Banking research, insights, and data from the SF Fed Explore the SF Fed's insights and research on banking, including topics such as banks, business lending, community reinvestment act, discount window, and... banking researchsf fedinsightsdata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/international-trade/ International Trade research, insights, and data from the SF Fed International trade refers to the exchange of goods and services between different nations, a key attribute of the global economy. Specific topics include... international traderesearch insightssf feddata https://www.frbsf.org/topics/currencies-and-commodities/ Currencies and Commodities research, insights, and data from the SF Fed Currencies are the medium of exchange issued by a sovereign government. Commodities are raw materials used to make finished products. The valuations of... research insights datasf fedcurrenciescommodities https://www.frbsf.org/research-and-insights/publications/fedviews/2026/01/sf-fedviews-january-15-2026/ SF FedViews: Slow Job Growth in a Strong Economy - San Francisco Fed Jan 15, 2026 - Nicolas Petrosky-Nadeau, vice president at the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, shared views on the current economy and the outlook from the Economic... economy san franciscoslow jobsfgrowthstrong