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https://www.nber.org/papers/w20294 Forward and Spot Exchange Rates in a Multi-currency World | NBER Founded in 1920, the NBER is a private, non-profit, non-partisan organization dedicated to conducting economic research and to disseminating research findings... spot exchange ratesmulti currencyforward https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/details/further-details-about-spot-exchange-rates-data Further details about spot exchange rates data | Bank of England The data represent indicative middle market (mean of spot buying and selling) rates as observed by the Bank's Foreign Exchange Desk in the London interbank... spot exchange ratesfurther detailsdata bankengland