https://www.thoughtco.com/guide-to-vertebrates-and-invertebrates-130926
One criterion by which all animals are described is whether or not they have a backbone. This article explores facts about vertebrates and invertebrates.
guidevertebrates
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19318107/
Stress has profound effects on vertebrate immunity, but most studies have considered stress-immune interactions in terms of wild animals enduring demanding,...
timing is everythingstressimmunitywildvertebrates
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09836-9?error=cookies_not_supported&code=6874e43a-0dcf-4a18-8a02-0f97e173c9d2
Dec 10, 2025 - Data collected from zoos and aquariums worldwide show that hormonal contraception or permanent surgical sterilization in mammals increase life expectancy, with...
sterilizationcontraceptionincreaselifespanacross
https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004394
Author Summary Duplication of existing genes with subsequent divergence of duplicated copies has long been recognized as the primary source of genomic...
whole genome duplicationidentificationohnologgenes
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39075073/
Gene expression is regulated by changes in chromatin architecture intrinsic to cellular differentiation and as an active response to environmental stimuli....
centuryoldchromatinarchitecturerevealed
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29440264/
The BRCA2 interactor, centrobin, is a centrosomal protein that has been implicated in centriole duplication and microtubule stability. We used genome editing...
centrobincontrolsprimaryciliogenesisvertebrates
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroanatomy/articles/10.3389/fnana.2011.00027/full
This review summarizes vertebrate rhombic lip and early cerebellar development covering classic approaches up to modern developmental genetics which identifi...
rhombic lipfrontierslongadventurousjourney
https://elifesciences.org/articles/16415
Zebrafish have lubricated joints similar to ours and are a tractable model for arthritis research.
ancientoriginlubricatedjointsbony