permafrost - Robuta Search

https://natalyasaprunova.myportfolio.com/permafrost-this-cold-that-is-no-longer-eternal Natalya Saprunova - Permafrost, this cold that is no longer eternal no longer natalya permafrost cold eternal https://ngee-arctic.ornl.gov/posters/quantifying-ecosystem-functional-types-and-associated-interactions-between-permafrost-soil- Quantifying Ecosystem Functional Types and Associated Interactions between Permafrost, Soil,... |... functional types ecosystem associated interactions permafrost https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/10/341/2016/tc-10-341-2016-relations.html TC - Relations - Effect of soil property uncertainties on permafrost thaw projections: a... https://researchportal.helsinki.fi/fi/publications/the-thermal-state-of-permafrost-in-the-nordic-area-during-the-int/ The Thermal State of Permafrost in the Nordic Area during the International Polar Year 2007-2009 -... https://www.cnr.it/en/research-projects/project/34220/source-to-sink-effetti-della-fusione-del-permafrost-sull-oceano-artico-jrc-eni-cnr-t-tesi-dta-ad001-286 Source-to-sink: effetti della fusione del permafrost sull'oceano artico-JRC Eni-CNR (T. TESI)... https://permafrostnet.ca/ PermafrostNet – NSERC Permafrost Partnership Network for Canada Jul 15, 2026 - PermafrostNet is focused on research and innovation to boost Canada’s ability to adapt to largescale permafrost thaw in our changing Arctic. partnership network nserc permafrost canada https://news.mongabay.com/2025/09/alaskan-rivers-turn-orange-as-permafrost-thaws-threatening-fish-and-communities/ Alaskan rivers turn orange as permafrost thaws, threatening fish and communities Sep 25, 2025 - Environmental science and conservation news alaskan rivers turn orange https://experts.colorado.edu/display/pubid_380468 The Canadian Permafrost Electrical Resistivity Survey (CPERS) database: 15 years of permafrost... the canadian electrical resistivity permafrost https://arctic-news.blogspot.com/2013/05/is-the-permafrosts-integrity-breaking-down.html?showComment=1369222852924 Arctic News: Is the permafrost's integrity breaking down? Blog edited by Sam Carana, with news on climate change and warming in the Arctic due to snow and ice loss and methane releases from the seafloor. arctic news permafrost integrity breaking https://ess.science.energy.gov/abstract/quantifying-spatial-and-vertical-variations-in-soil-cn-relationships-for-the-permafrost-region-using-machine-learning/ Quantifying Spatial and Vertical Variations in Soil C:N Relationships for the Permafrost Region... https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-2450/ EGUsphere - Water flow timing, quantity, and sources in a fractured high mountain permafrost rock... https://www.uaf.edu/permafrostmag/ Permafrost Magazine | Permafrost Magazine America's farthest north literary magazine permafrost magazine https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/particulate-organic-matter-dynamics-in-a-permafrost-headwater-str/ Particulate Organic Matter Dynamics in a Permafrost Headwater Stream and the Kolyma River Mainstem... https://dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/29566 GB 11 - Guidebook to permafrost and Quaternary geology of the Fairbanks area, Alaska https://www.ngee-arctic.ornl.gov/publications/keywords/permafrost permafrost | NGEE Arctic Gaining a predictive understanding of Arctic ecosystems permafrost arctic https://www.usgs.gov/publications/microbiome-assembly-thawing-permafrost-and-its-feedbacks-climate Microbiome assembly in thawing permafrost and its feedbacks to climate | U.S. Geological Survey The physical and chemical changes that accompany permafrost thaw directly influence the microbial communities that mediate the decomposition of formerly frozen... https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/16/1889/2022/tc-16-1889-2022-discussion.html TC - Peer review - High nitrate variability on an Alaskan permafrost hillslope dominated by alder... Abstract. In Arctic ecosystems, increasing temperatures are driving the expansion of nitrogen (N) fixing shrubs across tundra landscapes. The implications of... https://polf.copernicus.org/articles/93/11/2025/polf-93-11-2025-relations.html POLF - Relations - Early-career researchers at the 15th DACH Permafrost Conference Abstract. In January 2025, for the 15th time, the DACH Permafrost Union (Arbeitskreis Permafrost) held its regular conference. Hosted by the WSL Institute for... early career researchers at the relations https://arctic.noaa.gov/report-card/report-card-2021/glacier-and-permafrost-hazards/ Glacier and Permafrost Hazards - NOAA Arctic Nov 29, 2023 - We focus on hazards related to glaciers and permafrost and define hazard as the potential occurrence of a natural physical process that may adversely impact... glacier permafrost hazards noaa arctic https://permafrostcarbon.org/ Permafrost Carbon Network permafrost carbon network https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/data/catalog/ornl-cloud-permafrostthaw-carbonemissions-1872-1 Projections of Permafrost Thaw and Carbon Release for RCP 4.5 and 8.5, 1901-2299 | NASA Earthdata Projections of Permafrost Thaw and Carbon Release for RCP 4.5 and 8.5, 1901-2299 https://www.nps.gov/dena/getinvolved/dca_watson.htm Melting Permafrost - Denali National Park & Preserve (U.S. National Park Service) denali national park u s melting permafrost preserve https://euc.yorku.ca/research-spotlight/tracking-changes-in-permafrost-thaw-slumps-between-2005-and-2017-on-lakes-in-the-mackenzie-delta-uplands-northwest-territories-canada/ Tracking changes in permafrost thaw in Mackenzie Delta | EUC | York Uni Mar 19, 2024 - Permafrost is degrading rapidly in response to warming air temperatures, representing a formidable threat to the Arctic landscape tracking changes permafrost thaw mackenzie delta https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/09/080903134309.htm Bad Sign For Global Warming: Thawing Permafrost Holds Vast Carbon Pool | ScienceDaily Permafrost blanketing the northern hemisphere contains more than twice the amount of carbon in the atmosphere, making it a potentially mammoth contributor to... global warming https://impacts.ucar.edu/en/publications/accelerated-arctic-land-warming-and-permafrost-degradation-during/ Accelerated Arctic land warming and permafrost degradation during rapid sea ice loss - Impacts @... https://vivo.colorado.edu/display/pubid_278834 A Modeling Toolbox for Permafrost Landscapes | CU Experts | CU Boulder modeling toolbox permafrost landscapes cu https://agris.fao.org/search/en/records/65dfa8474c5aef494fe40f64 Dispersal limitation and thermodynamic constraints govern spatial structure of permafrost microbial... dispersal limitation thermodynamic constraints https://utmsi.utexas.edu/too-much-of-a-good-thing-carbon-from-permafrost-in-mackenzie-river-basin/ Too Much of a Good Thing - Carbon from Permafrost in Mackenzie River Basin - Marine Science... Dec 3, 2024 - Carbon is an essential building block for all living things on Earth, and carbon-containing compounds in the ocean and atmosphere control ocean acidity and... too much of a good thing https://su.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?faces-redirect=true&language=sv&searchType=SIMPLE&query=&af=%5B%5D&aq=%5B%5B%5D%5D&aq2=%5B%5B%5D%5D&aqe=%5B%5D&pid=diva2%3A1598849&noOfRows=50&sortOrder=author_sort_asc&sortOrder2=title_sort_asc&onlyFullText=false&sf=all Warming climate forcing impact from a sub-arctic peatland as a result of late Holocene permafrost... https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/14/481/2010/ HESS - Growth of a high-elevation large inland lake, associated with climate change and permafrost... https://dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/263 GB 1 - Guidebook to Permafrost and Quaternary Geology along the Richardson and Glenn Highways... https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/14/3155/2020/tc-14-3155-2020.html TC - Evaluating permafrost physics in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) models... Abstract. Permafrost is a ubiquitous phenomenon in the Arctic. Its future evolution is likely to control changes in northern high-latitude hydrology and... https://store.usgs.gov/product/5510 PERIODIC HEAT FLOW STRATIFIED PERMAFROST | USGS Store periodic heat flow permafrost usgs https://scmb.uq.edu.au/article/2018/09/thawing-permafrost-microbiomes-fuel-climate-change Thawing permafrost microbiomes fuel climate change - School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences... school of chemistry climate change https://uwaterloo.ca/water-institute/events/symposium-fracking-permafrost-environment-key-questions-0 Symposium: Fracking in a Permafrost Environment: Key Questions | Water Institute | University of... The Program on Water Issues at the Munk School of Global Affairs at the Univesrity of Toronto is hosting a symposium titled: Fracking in a Permafrost... in a https://su.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?faces-redirect=true&language=en&searchType=SIMPLE&query=&af=%5B%5D&aq=%5B%5B%5D%5D&aq2=%5B%5B%5D%5D&aqe=%5B%5D&pid=diva2%3A1598849&noOfRows=50&sortOrder=author_sort_asc&sortOrder2=title_sort_asc&onlyFullText=false&sf=all Warming climate forcing impact from a sub-arctic peatland as a result of late Holocene permafrost... https://www.usgs.gov/publications/permafrost-and-climate-change-carbon-cycle-feedbacks-warming-arctic Permafrost and climate change: Carbon cycle feedbacks from the warming Arctic | U.S. Geological... Rapid Arctic environmental change affects the entire Earth system as thawing permafrost ecosystems release greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Understanding... https://id.snowflake.blue/ Permafrost Authentication gateway for Snowflake users. permafrost https://mustelid.blogspot.com/2019/04/melting-permafrost-in-arctic-will-have.html?showComment=1556239681018 Stoat: Melting permafrost in Arctic will have $70tn climate impact? Originally climate but increasingly Law. will have stoat melting permafrost arctic https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/230069151 A geophysical monitoring network to quantify permafrost degrad... monitoring network geophysical quantify permafrost degrad https://impact.ornl.gov/en/publications/permafrost-and-climate-change-carbon-cycle-feedbacks-from-the-war/ Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic - Oak Ridge National... https://eo4society.esa.int/projects/eo4pac/ EO4PAC - Earth Observation for Permafrost dominated Arctic Coasts - eo science for society EO4PAC project aims at the development of a roadmap for the next generation of the Arctic Coastal Dynamics database. The focus is on complementation of in earth observation permafrost https://www.ngee-arctic.ornl.gov/publications/doi-10.1146/annurev-earth-060614-105126 Permafrost Meta-Omics and climate change | NGEE Arctic Gaining a predictive understanding of Arctic ecosystems climate change permafrost meta omics arctic https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/collecting-cores-thawing-permafrost-alaska-0 Collecting Cores in Thawing Permafrost, Alaska | U.S. Geological Survey Cores were collected from various areas of thawing permafrost-peatlands in Alaska. Permafrost thaw results in ground subsidence and inundation that kills black... u s collecting cores thawing permafrost https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/14/1857/2020/tc-14-1857-2020-discussion.html TC - Peer review - The current state and 125 kyr history of permafrost on the Kara Sea shelf:... Abstract. The evolution of permafrost on the Kara shelf is reconstructed for the past 125 kyr. The work includes zoning of the shelf according to geological... https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/13/1925/2019/tc-13-1925-2019-metrics.html TC - Metrics - Distinguishing ice-rich and ice-poor permafrost to map ground temperatures and... Abstract. Mountain permafrost is invisible, and mapping it is still a challenge. Available permafrost distribution maps often overestimate the permafrost... rich and poor https://collaborate.princeton.edu/en/publications/microbes-in-thawing-permafrost-the-unknown-variable-in-the-climat/fingerprints/?sortBy=alphabetically Microbes in thawing permafrost: The unknown variable in the climate change equation - Fingerprint -... the unknown climate change microbes thawing permafrost https://robinwestenra.blogspot.com/2012/07/alaska-melting-of-permafrost.html Seemorerocks: Alaska: Melting of the Permafrost of the seemorerocks alaska melting permafrost https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/15/3555/2021/tc-15-3555-2021-relations.html TC - Relations - Recent degradation of interior Alaska permafrost mapped with ground surveys,... Abstract. Permafrost underlies one-quarter of the Northern Hemisphere but is at increasing risk of thaw from climate warming. Recent studies across the Arctic... interior alaska https://ngee-arctic.ornl.gov/publications/doi-10.1038/nature14338 Climate change and the permafrost carbon feedback | NGEE Arctic Gaining a predictive understanding of Arctic ecosystems climate change and the permafrost carbon feedback https://www.nationalacademies.org/projects/DELS-PRB-12-02/event/6605 Opportunities to Use Remote Sensing in Understanding Permafrost and Ecosystems: A Workshop remote sensing https://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/nl/metadata/publications/snow-water-ice-and-permafrost-in-the-arctic-summary-for-policy-makers Sneeuw, water, ijs en permafrost in het noordpoolgebied. Samenvatting voor beleidsmakers |... sneeuw water ijs en permafrost https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/11/6573/2014/bg-11-6573-2014.html BG - Estimated stocks of circumpolar permafrost carbon with quantified uncertainty ranges and... https://ltu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:1005742 Thaw penetration and thaw settlement studies associated with a road on discontinuous permafrost associated with https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/11/6/565 Thermal-Hydrological-Chemical Modeling of a Covered Waste Rock Pile in a Permafrost Region In order to reduce contaminant mass loadings, thermal cover systems may be incorporated in the design of waste rock piles located in regions of continuous... https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4009857/ Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria from Ancient Siberian Permafrost Sediment - PMC In this study, we isolated and characterized bacterial strains from ancient (Neogene) permafrost sediment that was permanently frozen for 3.5 million years.... isolation characterization bacteria https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/worlds-biggest-permafrost-crater-has-a-warning-for-earth-2410945-2023-07-24 World's biggest permafrost crater has a warning for Earth - India Today Jul 24, 2023 - The Batagaika crater, the world's largest permafrost crater, is expanding at an alarming rate due to the thawing of the permafrost. https://www.bgc-jena.mpg.de/en/news-permafrost-research-page21-closes-gap-in-our-understanding-of-the-climate-system Permafrost research (PAGE21) closes gap in our understanding of the climate system |... https://www.ngee-arctic.ornl.gov/events/european-conference-on-permafrost-0 European Conference on Permafrost | NGEE Arctic european conference permafrost arctic https://science.nasa.gov/earth/earth-observatory/studying-plants-permafrost-and-carbon-near-barrow-alaska-40853/ Studying Plants, Permafrost, and Carbon near Barrow, Alaska - NASA Science Jan 31, 2026 - Compared to a photo-like image, a false-color image of the lake-dotted tundra near Barrow, Alaska, reveals more detail about the different plant communities... studying plants permafrost carbon near https://insidetherockposterframe.blogspot.com/2016/10/jay-ryan-dumpster-fire-permafrost-and.html?m=0 INSIDE THE ROCK POSTER FRAME BLOG: Jay Ryan Dumpster Fire, Permafrost And Bears Prints Jay Ryan Dumpster Fire, Permafrost And Bears Prints inside the rock poster frame https://www.sciencenews.org/article/permafrost-thawing-pollution-arctic-climate-change Thawing permafrost may unleash industrial pollution across the Arctic Apr 26, 2023 - As the frozen ground warms due to climate change, industrial pollutants could flow free from thousands of sites across the Arctic. industrial pollution thawing permafrost may unleash https://packen-wirs-an.ch/de Permafrost Initiative permafrost initiative https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/282700/results/pl Changing Permafrost in the Arctic and its Global Effects in the 21st Century | PAGE21 | Projekt |... Deliverables, publications, datasets, software, exploitable results https://agris.fao.org/search/en/providers/122535/records/65e016507c7033e84bf027e8 Permafrost active layer permafrost active layer https://soil.copernicus.org/articles/11/371/2025/ SOIL - Gradual drying of permafrost peat decreases carbon dioxide production in drier peat plateaus... Abstract. Permafrost thawing of northern peatlands can cause the local collapse of peat plateaus into much wetter thermokarst bogs and fens, dominated by... https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D8GQ6Z65 Massive remobilization of permafrost carbon during post-glacial warming | Academic Commons Recent hypotheses, based on atmospheric records and models, suggest that permafrost carbon (PF-C) accumulated during the last glaciation may have been an... massive permafrost carbon https://pure.psu.edu/en/publications/three-dimensional-fully-coupled-thermo-hydro-mechanical-model-for/ Three-Dimensional Fully Coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Model for Thaw Consolidation of Permafrost... https://www.geo.uzh.ch/en/units/3g/news/2019-06-20-IPA-strategy-meeting.html Fostering permafrost research and scientific exchange | Department of Geography | UZH department of geography scientific exchange fostering permafrost research https://dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/29001 Romanovsky, V.E., 1996 - Effects of climatic variability on the active layer and permafrost https://www-udc.ig.utexas.edu/external/seminars/seminars/abstracts_spring10/levy.htm Walking to Mars: What Antarctic Permafrost Suggests About Martian Climate, Geology, & Habitability https://www.livescience.com/planet-earth/arctic/nematode-resurrected-from-siberian-permafrost-laid-dormant-for-46000-years Nematode resurrected from Siberian permafrost lay dormant for 46,000 years | Live Science Jul 27, 2023 - The ancient nematode has lain dormant in a fossilized squirrel burrow since the late Pleistocene, revealing that these worms can survive for tens of thousands... https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/67413 Thaw Settlement Hazard of Permafrost Related to Climate Warming in Alaska | ARCTIC https://airbornescience.nasa.gov/content/AirMOSS_Alaska_Permafrost AirMOSS Alaska Permafrost | NASA Airborne Science Program alaska permafrost nasa airborne science https://permafrostblog.wordpress.com/ | permafrost permafrost https://dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/15011 OF 88-2 - Stability of openings in alluvial permafrost stability openings alluvial permafrost https://impacts.ucar.edu/en/publications/tundra-vegetation-change-and-impacts-on-permafrost/ Tundra vegetation change and impacts on permafrost - Impacts @ NSF NCAR and UCAR nsf ncar tundra vegetation change impacts https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/environmental-science/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2020.00133/full Frontiers | Permafrost Microbial Community Structure Changes Across the Pleistocene-Holocene... Despite the presence of well-documented changes in vegetation and faunal communities at the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, it is unclear whether similar sh... community structure frontiers permafrost microbial changes https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/11/1813/2017/ TC - Modelling rock wall permafrost degradation in the Mont Blanc massif from the LIA to the end of... https://arctic.noaa.gov/report-card/report-card-2020/coastal-permafrost-erosion/ Coastal Permafrost Erosion - NOAA Arctic Oct 31, 2023 - Permafrost coasts in the Arctic make up more than 30% of Earth's coastlines and they are sensitive to Arctic Ocean/permafrost-influenced land linkages. coastal permafrost erosion noaa arctic https://alaskasciencepod.buzzsprout.com/1682608/episodes/10169711-ep-10-thirty-years-of-permafrost-research-with-vladimir-romanovsky-part-2-2?t=0 Ep. 10: Thirty Years of Permafrost Research with Vladimir Romanovsky, Part 2/2 Permafrost researcher Vladimir Romanovsky, professor emeritus at the Geophysical Institute, reflects on his career and surprising changes to Alaska's... thirty years https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/9/1697/2013/cp-9-1697-2013-metrics.html CP - Metrics - LGM permafrost distribution: how well can the latest PMIP multi-model ensembles... https://lod.nal.usda.gov/nalt/en/page/27783 NAL Agricultural Thesaurus: NALT: permafrost nal agricultural thesaurus permafrost https://www.cordis.europa.eu/project/id/654132/results/fr Vulnerability of soil organic carbon to climate change in permafrost and dryland ecosystems |... Deliverables, publications, datasets, software, exploitable results https://www.permafrost.org/ Home - International Permafrost Association Jul 16, 2021 - The International Permafrost Association promotes research in permafrost and permafrost-related fields within the global scientific and engineering communities... home international permafrost association https://www.weforum.org/stories/2020/02/irreversible-emissions-permafrost-tipping-point/ What does permafrost thawing mean for carbon emissions? | World Economic Forum Rising global temperatures could cause permafrost to thaw - potentially releasing long-stored carbon into the atmosphere. carbon emissions world economic permafrost thawing mean https://publications-cnrc.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=da29be14-0951-46be-9613-4feb3a6e49ee Microbial diversity and activity through a permafrost/ground ice core profile from the Canadian... Microbial diversity and activity through a permafrost/ground ice core profile from the Canadian High Arctic https://ngee-arctic.ornl.gov/accomplishments/geomorphological-and-geochemistry-changes-in-permafrost-after-wildfire-in-kougarok Geomorphological and Geochemistry Changes in Permafrost after Wildfire in Kougarok, Seward... after wildfire geochemistry changes permafrost seward https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/topic/glaciers-permafrost/page/3/ Glaciers & permafrost Archives - Page 3 of 7 - SWI swissinfo.ch archives page glaciers permafrost swi https://pure.psu.edu/en/publications/comparison-of-climate-model-results-with-european-vegetation-and-/ Comparison of climate model results with European vegetation and permafrost during oxygen isotope... https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=b2107435-7cd0-428d-b6b9-047d5de227a5 Permafrost investigations at Thompson, Manitoba: terrain studies - NRC Publications Archive -... Permafrost investigations at Thompson, Manitoba: terrain studies permafrost investigations thompson manitoba terrain https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/13/1925/2019/tc-13-1925-2019-relations.html TC - Relations - Distinguishing ice-rich and ice-poor permafrost to map ground temperatures and... Abstract. Mountain permafrost is invisible, and mapping it is still a challenge. Available permafrost distribution maps often overestimate the permafrost... rich and poor https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/951288/it Quantify disturbance impacts on feedbacks between Arctic permafrost and global climate | Q-ARCTIC |... Arctic permafrost has been identified as a critical element in the global climate system, since it stores a vast amount of carbon that is at high risk of being... https://portal.fis.tum.de/en/publications/electrical-resistivity-tomography-monitoring-of-permafrost-in-sol/ Electrical resistivity tomography monitoring of permafrost in solid rock walls - Technical... electrical resistivity solid rock tomography monitoring https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/11/1813/2017/tc-11-1813-2017-metrics.html TC - Metrics - Modelling rock wall permafrost degradation in the Mont Blanc massif from the LIA to... https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/11/6573/2014/bg-11-6573-2014-metrics.html BG - Metrics - Estimated stocks of circumpolar permafrost carbon with quantified uncertainty ranges... https://futurism.com/scientists-assert-climate-change-is-allowing-greenhouse-gases-to-escape-from-melting-permafrost Scientists Assert Climate Change is Allowing Greenhouse Gases to Escape From Melting Permafrost Furthermore, complete melting isn't needed for those gases to be released. https://www.erdc.usace.army.mil/Media/Publication-Notices/Article/4478203/permafrost-and-rain-influence-summer-hydrologic-flowpaths-in-boreal-catchments/ Permafrost and Rain Influence Summer Hydrologic Flowpaths in Boreal Catchments Engineer Research... Abstract: Flowpaths of water through catchments influence water quality and flow regimes of streams. Depths of dominant flowpaths respond to variation in... https://mustelid.blogspot.com/2019/04/melting-permafrost-in-arctic-will-have.html?showComment=1556436480932 Stoat: Melting permafrost in Arctic will have $70tn climate impact? Originally climate but increasingly Law. will have stoat melting permafrost arctic https://impacts.ucar.edu/en/publications/a-simplified-data-constrained-approach-to-estimate-the-permafrost/ A simplified, data-constrained approach to estimate the permafrost carbon-climate feedback -...