https://www.cellosaurus.org/
Cellosaurus - Cell line encyclopedia
Cellosaurus, a cell line database, cell line catalogue, cell line ontology
cell linecellosaurusencyclopedia
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23287060/
Development of a stable insect cell line constitutively expressing rotavirus VP2
An insect High-Five cell line was generated constitutively and stably expressing the VP2 protein of rotavirus RF strain leading to the formation of core-like...
of ainsect celldevelopmentstable
https://a549.com/
A549 Cell Line Transfection Protocol
Mar 18, 2023 - The A549 cell line is a widely used human lung adenocarcinoma cell line that was derived from a primary lung tumor. A549 cells are highly proliferative and...
cell linetransfectionprotocol
https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1571417125661760000?lang=ja
Establishment of an osteocyte-like cell line, MLO-Y4 | CiNii Research
cell lineestablishmentosteocytelike
https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5240731/cell-line-characterization-and-cell-line
Cell Line Characterization and Cell Line Development Market: Industry Trends and Global Forecasts,...
Cell Line Characterization and Cell Line Development Market: Industry Trends and Global Forecasts, Till 2035 - Distribution by Source of Cell Line / Expression...
cell line characterizationmarket industrytrends globaldevelopmentforecasts
https://www.biointron.com/
Biointron - Antibody Discovery, Antibody Production, Stable cell line, Protein Expression, CRO
Biointron is committed to providing high quality and economic recombinant protein/antibody reagents and to be most reliable CRO vendor for life science...
stable cell lineantibody discoveryprotein expressionproductioncro
https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/biobanking/glioblastoma-cell-line-biobank-a-new-resource/
Glioblastoma Cell Line Biobank: A New Resource
Apr 21, 2016 - Xie et al. aim to make the glioblastoma cell line biobank an open-source repository to seed further investigation into glioblastoma and improve future...
cell linea newglioblastomabiobankresource
https://discover.nci.nih.gov/cellminer/celllineMetadata.do;jsessionid=2559EAC9CFC68E79909CF596B1808EE7
CellMiner - Cell Line Metadata | Genomics and Pharmacology Facility
cell linemetadatagenomicspharmacologyfacility
https://icbo2016.cgrb.oregonstate.edu/bibcite/reference/24
IP07: The Cell Line Ontology integration and analysis of the knowledge of LINCS cell lines |...
the cell
https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/hybridoma_cell_line
hybridoma cell line - Wikikamus bahasa Indonesia
cell linehybridomawikikamusbahasaindonesia
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3026121/?dopt=Abstract
Establishment of a continuous cell line derived from leukaemic cattle
Establishment of a continuous cell line derived from leukaemic cattle
of acell lineestablishmentcontinuousderived
https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/entities/project/0b429f11-8786-4b03-97d4-7ae0d4d7c5f2
Integrative Pharmacogenomic Study via NCI-60 Cell Line-Based Computational System
cell lineintegrativepharmacogenomicstudyvia
https://proposals.epi.bristol.ac.uk/?q=node/126858
B622 - Large scale lymphoblastoid cell line approaches from genetical genomics to systematic...
large scalecell line
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1792151
AID 1792151 - Caco-2 cell line Proliferation assay - PubChem
BioAssay record AID 1792151 submitted by ChEMBL: Caco-2 cell line Proliferation assay.
cell lineaidcacoproliferationassay
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/patent/EP-0305960-A3
A transformant cell line capable of producing a human monoclonal antibody, hybridoma, their...
EP-0305960-A3 chemical patent summary.
cell line
https://www.semanticscholar.org/topic/Recombinant-Glial-Cell-Line-Derived-Neurotrophic/203589
Recombinant Glial Cell-Line Derived Neurotrophic Factor | Semantic Scholar
A recombinant therapeutic agent which is chemically identical to or similar to endogenous glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). GDNF is a...
cell linerecombinantglialderivedfactor
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9459120/?ordinalpos=60&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum
Establishment of a new murine-phenotypic angiosarcoma cell line (ISOS-1)
A cell line, designated ISOS-1, was established from a tumor formed by transplantation of a human angiosarcoma into mice with severe combined immunodeficiency...
of acell lineestablishmentnewmurine
https://ascentgene.com/
AscentGene | High-quality cell line and protein services
high qualitycell lineproteinservices
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1788531
AID 1788531 - MDA_MB_468 cell line Proliferation assay - PubChem
BioAssay record AID 1788531 submitted by ChEMBL: MDA_MB_468 cell line Proliferation assay.
cell lineaidmdambproliferation
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12746475/?dopt=Abstract
Apoptotic body engulfment by a human stellate cell line is profibrogenic
Hepatocyte apoptosis and stellate cell activation are both features of chronic liver diseases, but a relationship between these events has not been explored....
by a humancell linebody
https://jglobal.jst.go.jp/en/detail?JGLOBAL_ID=202010011986415443
Cell Line Integrated Molecular Authentication Database: CLIMA | Research Resource Information |...
Research Resource "Cell Line Integrated Molecular Authentication Database: CLIMA" Detailed information of the J-GLOBAL is an information service managed by the...
cell lineresearch resourceintegratedmolecularauthentication
https://publica.fraunhofer.de/entities/publication/92bc1831-43f0-49e8-8cd5-c811274747b7
New cell line from adipopancreatic tissue of Atlantic herring Clupea harengus
We report the isolation, cultivation, and cryopreservation of cells from adipopancreatic tissue of adult Atlantic herring Clupea harengus. The cell population...
new cellatlantic herringline
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15212950/
Overexpression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor induces genes regulating migration...
The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is involved in the development and maintenance of neural tissues. Mutations in components of its...
cell line
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10188735/
Establishment of a human hemangiosarcoma cell line (ISO-HAS)
A cell line (ISO-HAS) has been established from tumor tissue of a human hemangiosarcoma arising on the scalp by the use of conditioned medium from a...
of acell lineestablishmenthumanhemangiosarcoma
https://www.crig.ugent.be/en/tags/cell-line
Cell line | CRIG
cell line
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1792147
AID 1792147 - LS174T cell line Proliferation assay - PubChem
BioAssay record AID 1792147 submitted by ChEMBL: LS174T cell line Proliferation assay.
cell lineaidproliferationassaypubchem
https://experts.colorado.edu/display/meshid_A11.251.210.190.380
Cell Line - HCT116 Cells | CU Experts | CU Boulder
cell linecellscuexpertsboulder
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1788485
AID 1788485 - H23 cell line Proliferation assay - PubChem
BioAssay record AID 1788485 submitted by ChEMBL: H23 cell line Proliferation assay.
cell lineaidproliferationassaypubchem
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1460674/
Karyotypic derivation of H9 cell line expressing human immunodeficiency virus susceptibility
These data should be useful for studying specific chromosome changes linking the expression of the HIV susceptibility unique to H9 cells. Karyologic studies...
human immunodeficiency viruscell linederivation
https://docs.thermofisher.com/r/BioPharma-Finder-5.2-Intact-Mass-Analysis-User-Guide/1201386507v1
N-linked glycans with a CHO host cell-line type - N-linked glycans with a CHO host cell-line type -...
The following table lists the N-linked glycans, sorted by CHO host cell-line type, that are included in the N-glycan-specific search. In the table header,...
with ahost cellnchotype
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/104063
AID 104063 - Cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cancer cell line - PubChem
BioAssay record AID 104063 submitted by ChEMBL: Cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cancer cell line.
cancer cellaidcytotoxicitymcfline
https://www.discover.nci.nih.gov/cellminer/celllineMetadata.do;jsessionid=75B659A7A9ACAC7BDA56F3A6929FEBF8
CellMiner - Cell Line Metadata | Genomics and Pharmacology Facility
cell linemetadatagenomicspharmacologyfacility
https://experts.arizona.edu/en/publications/characterizing-a549-cell-line-as-an-epithelial-cell-monolayer-mod/
Characterizing A549 Cell Line as an Epithelial Cell Monolayer Model for Pharmacokinetic...
cell linecharacterizing
https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/atcc-launches-mouse-cell-line-authentication-service-300931087.html
ATCC Launches Mouse Cell Line Authentication Service
/PRNewswire/ -- ATCC today announced the launch of a new authentication service that will allow researchers to easily confirm the identity of mouse cell...
cell line authenticationatcclaunchesmouseservice
https://tp53.cancer.gov/search_cell_lines
TP53 Database: Search Cell-Line Data
The TP53 Database: knowledgebase and statistical tools for the analysis of TP53 gene variants in human cancers
database searchcell line
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1785875
AID 1785875 - Cervic cancer cell line Proliferation assay - PubChem
BioAssay record AID 1785875 submitted by ChEMBL: Cervic cancer cell line Proliferation assay.
cancer cellaidlineproliferationassay
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1792924
AID 1792924 - OPM-2 cell line Proliferation assay - PubChem
BioAssay record AID 1792924 submitted by ChEMBL: OPM-2 cell line Proliferation assay.
cell lineaidopmproliferationassay
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1789823
AID 1789823 - Lung A549 cell line MDS Pharma Services Proliferation Assay - PubChem
BioAssay record AID 1789823 submitted by ChEMBL: Lung A549 cell line MDS Pharma Services Proliferation Assay.
cell line
https://www.news-medical.net/whitepaper/20230316/How-to-overcome-the-biggest-challenges-in-Cell-Line-development.aspx
How to overcome the biggest challenges in cell line development
Oct 25, 2025 - While cell line development technologies continue to improve, there are still numerous hurdles to overcome. This article discusses the biggest challenges in...
how tothe biggestcell lineovercomechallenges
https://scholars.uky.edu/es/publications/glial-cell-line-derived-neurotrophic-factor-augments-midbrain-dop/
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor augments midbrain dopaminergic circuits in vivo -
cell line
https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikipedia-ne@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/H2FBCOSV7ZOOUO77EOMJFZ6AM6ZIYM3R/
Luciferase Stable Cell Line - Wikipedia-ne - lists.wikimedia.org
stable cell lineluciferasewikipedialistswikimedia
https://rosenberglab.stanford.edu/diversity.html
Rosenberg lab - HGDP-CEPH human genome diversity cell line panel
human genomecell linerosenberglabceph
https://www.news-medical.net/industry-focus/Optimizing-cell-line-development-for-recombinant-proteins-and-monoclonal-antibodies
Optimizing cell line development for recombinant proteins and monoclonal antibodies | eBook
Learn how to streamline your cell line development process for recombinant protein and monoclonal antibody production with this comprehensive eBook.
cell line developmentrecombinant proteinsmonoclonal antibodiesoptimizing
https://vivo.colorado.edu/display/meshid_A11.251.210.100.550
Cell Line - NIH 3T3 Cells | CU Experts | CU Boulder
cell linenihcellscuexperts
https://web.cdn.cyagen.com/
Knockout Mouse, Rat, Cell Line Model Generation | Cyagen
Cyagen specializes in generating knockout/transgenic mice, rats and cell line models, as well as virus packaging, vector cloning, stem cells and cell culture...
mouse ratcell linemodel generationknockoutcyagen
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1788594
AID 1788594 - Kasumi-1 cell line Proliferation assay - PubChem
BioAssay record AID 1788594 submitted by ChEMBL: Kasumi-1 cell line Proliferation assay.
cell lineaidkasumiproliferationassay
https://www.med.unc.edu/vironomics/sequencing-1/str-cell-line-authentication
STR Cell Line Authentication | Vironomics Core
cell line authenticationstrcore
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1963003
AID 1963003 - KMS-12-PE cell line Proliferation assay - PubChem
BioAssay record AID 1963003 submitted by ChEMBL: KMS-12-PE cell line Proliferation assay.
cell lineaidkmspeproliferation
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/cell/CHEMBL3307820
Melanoma cell line | Cell - PubChem
Cell information for Melanoma cell line. Find diseases associated with this biological target and compounds tested against it in bioassay experiments.
cell linemelanomapubchem
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Hela-cell-line
Hela cell line - PubChem
Hela cell line chemical information summary.
cell linehelapubchem
https://www.news-medical.net/ACROBiosystems-HEK293Human-TL1A-Stable-Cell-Line
HEK293/Human TL1A Stable Cell Line : Get Quote, RFQ, Price or Buy
The HEK293/human TL1A stable cell line expresses full-length human TL1A (UniProt O95150-1).
stable cell line
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40362347/
Secretory Profile Analysis of Human Granulosa Cell Line Following Gonadotropin Stimulation
Granulosa cell (GC) differentiation, stimulated by FSH and LH, drives oocyte maturation and follicle development. FSH promotes GC proliferation, and LH...
profile analysiscell linehuman
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3858609/
A new leukemia cell line with Philadelphia chromosome characterized as basophil precursors
A new myeloid cell line (KU812) was established from a patient with blastic crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia. His blasts were morphologically...
a newcell line
https://www.nist.gov/publications/standards-cell-line-authentication-and-beyond
Standards for cell line authentication and beyond | NIST
Oct 12, 2021 - Different genomic technologies have been applied to cell line authentication, but only one method (short tandem repeat profiling) has been the subject of a comp
cell line authenticationand beyondstandardsnist
https://www.fda.gov/science-research/licensing-and-collaboration-opportunities/stable-cell-line-validating-next-generation-sequencing-ngs-methods-detecting-adventitious-viruses
Stable cell line for validating next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods for detecting adventitious...
Stable cell line for validating next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods for detecting adventitious viruses contaminating biological products
stable cell linenext generation sequencing
https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/entities/project/d157314e-222d-4b24-bb88-f6ad4e917ae4
Establishment of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Line, Its Maintenance and Germ Cell Lineage...
stem cell
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/entities/publication/4830f983-4e67-43ef-8a57-68cb335bd4d7?ln=en
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), a new neurotrophic factor for motoneurones
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been postulated to be a specific dopaminergic neurotrophic factor since it selectively enhances the...
cell linea newglialderived
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/patent/US-2003003088-A1
Human pancreatic pluripotential stem cell line - Patent US-2003003088-A1 - PubChem
US-2003003088-A1 chemical patent summary.
stem cellpatent ushumanpancreatic
https://experts.colorado.edu/display/meshid_A11.251.210.172
Cell Line, Transformed | CU Experts | CU Boulder
cell linetransformedcuexpertsboulder
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1788538
AID 1788538 - HCC1143 cell line Proliferation assay - PubChem
BioAssay record AID 1788538 submitted by ChEMBL: HCC1143 cell line Proliferation assay.
cell lineaidproliferationassaypubchem
https://www.news-medical.net/whitepaper/20240605/Reaching-98425-probability-of-clonality-for-robust-cell-line-development.aspx
Reaching 98.4% probability of clonality for robust cell line development
Mar 6, 2026 - This article explores how an exceptionally high probability of clonality can be achieved for robust cell line development.
cell linereachingprobability
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/45892
AID 45892 - In vitro cytotoxicity in CEM-SS cell line up to a concentration of 100 uM. - PubChem
BioAssay record AID 45892 submitted by ChEMBL: In vitro cytotoxicity in CEM-SS cell line up to a concentration of 100 uM..
https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=557cb419-413f-4b4d-b9e8-3a111e9ee25a
Calcium-activated potassium channels in the UCR-SE-la lepidopteran cell line from the beet armyworm...
Calcium-activated potassium channels in the UCR-SE-la lepidopteran cell line from the beet armyworm (Spodoptera Exigua)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40870991/
Insights into the Structural Patterns in Human Glioblastoma Cell Line SF268 Activity and ADMET...
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/99245
AID 99245 - Effective dose to show cytotoxicity against leukemia MOLT-4 cell line was determined -...
BioAssay record AID 99245 submitted by ChEMBL: Effective dose to show cytotoxicity against leukemia MOLT-4 cell line was determined.
https://experts.illinois.edu/en/publications/characterization-of-a-porcine-intestinal-epithelial-cell-line-for/
Characterization of a porcine intestinal epithelial cell line for influenza virus production -...
of a
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/45182
AID 45182 - Tested for cytotoxicity against human CEM-SS cell line; Percent reduction 40 - PubChem
BioAssay record AID 45182 submitted by ChEMBL: Tested for cytotoxicity against human CEM-SS cell line; Percent reduction 40.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18618314/
The effects of Fructus Xanthii extract on cytokine release from human mast cell line (HMC-1) and...
In the present study, human mast cell line (HMC-1) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) were pre-incubated with various concentrations of Fructus...
https://www.iac.cnr.it/index.php/modeling-atp-mediated-endothelial-cell-elongation-line-patterns-0
Modeling ATP-mediated endothelial cell elongation on line patterns | IAC
on linemodelingatpmediatedendothelial
https://edrn.cancer.gov/data-and-resources/publications/17401460-927-molecular-characterization-of-tmprss2-erg-gene-fusion-in-the-nci-h660-prostate-cancer-cell-line-a-new-perspective-for-an-old-model/
Molecular characterization of TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion in the NCI-H660 prostate cancer cell line: a...
This is a publication by a member of the Early Detection Research Network.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14584035/
Mechanisms of internalization of apoptotic and necrotic L929 cells by a macrophage cell line...
Rapid and efficient phagocytic removal of dying cells is a key feature of apoptosis. In necrotic caspase-independent modes of death, the role and extent of...
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/43536
AID 43536 - In vitro anticancer activity against CCRF-CEM leukemia cell line; not available -...
BioAssay record AID 43536 submitted by ChEMBL: In vitro anticancer activity against CCRF-CEM leukemia cell line; not available.
https://livingstingy.blogspot.com/2011/04/using-cell-phone-as-land-line.html?m=0
Living Stingy: Using a Cell Phone as a Land Line
A simple docking station, such as this dock-and-talk, usually available for under $100 online, can connect your cellphone to your landl...
cell phonelivingstingyusingland
https://page.line.me/817qqzsc
CELL GRAND CLINIC | LINE Official Account
CELL GRAND CLINIC's LINE official account profile page. Add them as a friend for the latest news.
line officialcellgrandclinicaccount
https://www.verizon.com/business/answers/best-2-line-unlimited-cell-phone-plans/
Best 2 Line Unlimited Cell Phone Plans | Verizon Business
Find the best 2-line unlimited cell phone plans at Verizon Business. Enjoy top-notch coverage and savings. Explore plans today!
cell phone plansbestlineunlimitedverizon
https://huh7.com/
Huh-7 Origin - HUH-7 Cell Line
Feb 27, 2023 - The HuH-7 cell line was established in 1982 from a well differentiated hepatocyte derived cellular carcinoma cell line that was originally
huhorigincellline
https://scholarworks.indianapolis.iu.edu/items/428d2a1d-ba6d-4cbc-9c93-3fc7cd531b8d
The SK-N-AS human neuroblastoma cell line develops osteolytic bone metastases with increased...
Neuroblastoma (NB), which arises from embryonic neural crest cells, is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor of childhood. Approximately half of NB...
https://www.thermofisher.com/antibody/primary/panther/female%20germ-line%20stem%20cell%20population%20maintenance
female germ-line stem cell population maintenance Antibodies | Invitrogen
Antibodies for proteins involved in female germ-line stem cell population maintenance pathways, according to their Panther/Gene Ontology Classification
stem cellfemalegermlinepopulation
https://research-portal.uu.nl/en/publications/fluorescence-based-transport-assays-revisited-in-a-human-renal-pr/fingerprints/
Fluorescence-Based Transport Assays Revisited in a Human Renal Proximal Tubule Cell Line -...
https://tobias-lib.uni-tuebingen.de/xmlui/handle/10900/145106
Generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line from a patient with GEFS plus carrying a...
https://portal.fis.leibniz-lsb.tum.de/en/activities/il-6-release-by-a-human-gingival-fibroblast-cell-line-correlates-/
IL-6 Release by a Human Gingival Fibroblast Cell Line Correlates with the Bitter Taste Threshold of...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37142267/
Comparison of first-line radiosurgery for small-cell and non-small cell lung cancer brain...
After SRS, SCLC histology was associated with shorter OS compared to NSCLC. CNS progression occurred earlier in SCLC patients overall but was similar in...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27932067/
Nivolumab plus ipilimumab as first-line treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer...
Bristol-Myers Squibb.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26330055/
ATGL and CGI-58 are lipid droplet proteins of the hepatic stellate cell line HSC-T6
Lipid droplets (LDs) of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) contain large amounts of vitamin A [in the form of retinyl esters (REs)] as well as other neutral lipids...
https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/256995
A novel CRISPR-engineered prostate cancer cell line defines the AR-V transcriptome and identifies...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AK147611
Mus musculus adult male brain UNDEFINED_CELL_LINE cDNA, RIKEN full-len - Nucleotide - NCBI
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6268887/
Isolation of feline leukemia virus from a leopard cat cell line and search for retrovirus in wild...
A strain of feline leukemia virus (FeLV), subgroup A, was isolated in early subpassage of a testicular fibroblast culture obtained from a captive Asian leopard...
https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2019_tables_llcp.html
CDC - BRFSS - ACBS - 2019 BRFSS Asthma Call-back Survey Land Line And Cell Phone Combined Adult...
BRFSS has a long history in behavioral and chronic disease surveillance. Fifteen states participated in the first BRFSS, conducted in 1984.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26425143/
Clinical experience with everolimus in the second-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma
Everolimus is an oral inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR-I) and is currently approved for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC)...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32045731/
Generation of a human induced pluripotent stem cell line (SDUBMSi001-A) from a hereditary spastic...
KIF1A gene encodes the kinesin 1a protein, an axonal motor protein participating in axonal transport. Variants in KIF1A were identified in different forms of...